Abstract: A display device includes a substrate including a display area and a non-display area disposed near the display area, a plurality of pixels disposed in the display area, a plurality of signal lines disposed on the substrate and connected to the pixels, and a pad portion disposed in the non-display area and including a plurality of pads. The signal lines include a first crack detecting line connected to a first test voltage pad and a first pad at a first node, connected to a second pad at a second node, and extending around the non-display area between the first node and the second node, as well as a first data line including a first end connected to a first transistor connected to the first crack detecting line at the second node, and a second end connected to corresponding pixels from among the plurality of pixels.

Abstract: A display device includes a substrate including a display area and a non-display area disposed near the display area, a plurality of pixels disposed in the display area, a plurality of signal lines disposed on the substrate and connected to the pixels, and a pad portion disposed in the non-display area and including a plurality of pads. The signal lines include a first crack detecting line connected to a first test voltage pad and a first pad at a first node, connected to a second pad at a second node, and extending around the non-display area between the first node and the second node, as well as a first data line including a first end connected to a first transistor connected to the first crack detecting line at the second node, and a second end connected to corresponding pixels from among the plurality of pixels.

Abstract: A gate driving circuit includes a pull-up control part for applying a first previous carry signal to a first node in response to the first previous carry signal, a first pull-up part outputting a clock signal as an N-th gate output signal in response to a signal applied to the first node, a second pull-up part outputting the clock signal as the N-th gate output signal in response to the signal applied to the first node, a carry part outputting the clock signal as an N-th carry signal in response to the signal applied to the first node, a first pull-down part pulling down the signal at the first node to a second off voltage, and a second pull-down part pulling down the N-th gate output signal to a first off voltage, wherein one of the first pull-up part and the second pull-up part is selectively activated.

Abstract: A gate driving circuit includes a pull-up control part for applying a first previous carry signal to a first node in response to the first previous carry signal, a first pull-up part outputting a clock signal as an N-th gate output signal in response to a signal applied to the first node, a second pull-up part outputting the clock signal as the N-th gate output signal in response to the signal applied to the first node, a carry part outputting the clock signal as an N-th carry signal in response to the signal applied to the first node, a first pull-down part pulling down the signal at the first node to a second off voltage, and a second pull-down part pulling down the N-th gate output signal to a first off voltage, wherein one of the first pull-up part and the second pull-up part is selectively activated.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display panel and a display panel driver. The display panel driver includes a controller and a driver including a plurality of driving chips. Each of the driving chips includes a chip body, a plurality of input terminals, a plurality of first output terminals and a plurality of second output terminals. The chip body includes a bottom surface, a first side surface connected to the bottom surface and a second side surface opposite. The input terminals are disposed at a first region of the bottom surface adjacent to the first side surface of the chip body. The first output terminals are disposed at a second region of the bottom surface adjacent to the second side surface of the chip body. The second output terminals are disposed at a third region of the bottom surface adjacent to the first side surface of the chip body.

Abstract: A data lines driver includes a digital to analog converter configured to generate a normal data voltage based on a data signal, a buffer configured to buffer the normal data voltage and a power-on/reset part configured to generate an initial data voltage varying according to time and to selectively output either the initial data voltage or the normal data voltage.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display panel and a display panel driver. The display panel driver includes a controller and a driver including a plurality of driving chips. Each of the driving chips includes a chip body, a plurality of input terminals, a plurality of first output terminals and a plurality of second output terminals. The chip body includes a bottom surface, a first side surface connected to the bottom surface and a second side surface opposite. The input terminals are disposed at a first region of the bottom surface adjacent to the first side surface of the chip body. The first output terminals are disposed at a second region of the bottom surface adjacent to the second side surface of the chip body. The second output terminals are disposed at a third region of the bottom surface adjacent to the first side surface of the chip body.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a direct carbon fuel cell in which a coal fuel is oxidized electrochemically so as to create electrons to cause the electrons to generate electricity by a voltage difference between two electrodes. Specifically, a membrane-electrode assembly for operating a low rank coal fuel, a direct carbon fuel cell including the same, and a method of preparing the same are provided.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) device. The liquid crystal display device comprises a data driver including a first data driving unit, which is connected to first through third data lines, and a second data driving unit, which is connected to fourth through sixth data lines, a display panel including a first pixel group, which has first through third pixel units that are connected to the first data driving unit via the first through third data lines, respectively, and a second pixel group, which has fourth through sixth pixel units that are connected to the second data driving unit via the fourth through sixth data lines, respectively; and a switching circuit unit including a first transistor, a second transistor, and a third transistor, which is connected between the third and sixth data lines.

Abstract: A data lines driver includes a digital to analog converter configured to generate a normal data voltage based on a data signal, a buffer configured to buffer the normal data voltage and a power-on/reset part configured to generate an initial data voltage varying according to time and to selectively output either the initial data voltage or the normal data voltage.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a direct carbon fuel cell in which a coal fuel is oxidized electrochemically so as to create electrons to cause the electrons to generate electricity by a voltage difference between two electrodes. Specifically, a membrane-electrode assembly for operating a low rank coal fuel, a direct carbon fuel cell including the same, and a method of preparing the same are provided.