Abstract: A semiconductor structure includes a first level comprising a metal layer within a first dielectric layer formed on a substrate, a second level formed on the first level, the second level comprising an interconnect within a second dielectric layer and a barrier layer formed around the interconnect, and a metal capping layer disposed at an interface between the metal layer and the interconnect, wherein the metal capping layer comprises tungsten (W) and has a thickness of between 20 ? and 40 ?.

Abstract: Methods to deposit a metal cap for an interconnect are disclosed. In embodiments, a method comprises contacting the substrate with an alkyl halide and a ruthenium metal precursor to form a metal cap for an interconnect.

Abstract: A method for forming a metal liner layer for an interconnect uses a multi-metal deposition process to produce a reduced thickness liner. The back-end-of-the-line packaging process may include forming a metal liner layer by depositing a ruthenium layer with a first thickness of approximately 5 angstroms or less and depositing a first cobalt layer with a second thickness of approximately 20 angstroms or less. In some embodiments, the ruthenium layer may be deposited on a previously formed barrier layer and then undergoes a treatment process before depositing the first cobalt layer. In some embodiments, the first cobalt layer may be deposited on the ruthenium layer or the ruthenium layer maybe deposited on the first cobalt layer. In some embodiments, the ruthenium layer is deposited on the first cobalt layer and a second cobalt layer is deposited on the ruthenium layer.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure relate to methods of depositing tungsten. Some embodiments of the disclosure provide methods for depositing tungsten which are performed at relatively low temperatures. Some embodiments of the disclosure provide methods in which the ratio between reactant gasses is controlled. Some embodiments of the disclosure provide selective deposition of tungsten. Some embodiments of the disclosure provide methods for depositing tungsten films at a low temperature with relatively low roughness, stress and impurity levels.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for processing a substrate are provided herein. For example, a physical vapor deposition processing chamber comprises a chamber body defining a processing volume, a substrate support disposed within the processing volume and comprising a substrate support surface configured to support a substrate, a power supply configured to energize a target for sputtering material toward the substrate, an electromagnet operably coupled to the chamber body and positioned to form electromagnetic filed lines through a sheath above the substrate during sputtering for directing sputtered material toward the substrate, and a controller operably coupled to the physical vapor deposition processing chamber for controlling the electromagnet based on a recipe comprising a pulsing schedule for pulsing the electromagnet during operation to control directionality of ions relative to a feature on the substrate.

Abstract: Methods for cleaning oxides from a substrate surface are performed without affecting low-k dielectric or carbon materials on the substrate. In some embodiments, the method may include performing a preclean process with a chlorine-based soak to remove oxides from a surface of a substrate in a back end of the line (BEOL) process and treating the surface of the substrate with a remote plasma with a hydrogen gas and at least one inert gas to remove residual chlorine residue from the surface of the substrate without damaging low-k dielectric material or carbon material on the substrate.

Abstract: Described are methods for forming ruthenium doped niobium nitride barrier layers. The doped barrier layer provides improved adhesion at a thickness of less than about 15 ?.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for processing a substrate are provided herein. For example, a physical vapor deposition processing chamber comprises a chamber body defining a processing volume, a substrate support disposed within the processing volume and comprising a substrate support surface configured to support a substrate, a power supply configured to energize a target for sputtering material toward the substrate, an electromagnet operably coupled to the chamber body and positioned to form electromagnetic filed lines through a sheath above the substrate during sputtering for directing sputtered material toward the substrate, and a controller operably coupled to the physical vapor deposition processing chamber for controlling the electromagnet based on a recipe comprising a pulsing schedule for pulsing the electromagnet during operation to control directionality of ions relative to a feature on the substrate.

Abstract: A method of gap filling a feature on a substrate decreases the feature-to-feature gap fill height variation by using a tungsten halide soak treatment. In some embodiments, the method may include heating a substrate to a temperature of approximately 350 degrees Celsius to approximately 450 degrees Celsius, exposing the substrate to a tungsten halide gas at a process pressure of approximately 5 Torr to approximately 25 Torr, soaking the substrate for a soak time of approximately 5 seconds to approximately 60 seconds with the tungsten halide gas, and performing a metal preclean process and a gap fill deposition on a plurality of features on the substrate after soaking of the substrate has completed.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure relate to methods of depositing tungsten. Some embodiments of the disclosure provide methods for depositing tungsten which are performed at relatively low temperatures. Some embodiments of the disclosure provide methods in which the ratio between reactant gasses is controlled. Some embodiments of the disclosure provide selective deposition of tungsten. Some embodiments of the disclosure provide methods for depositing tungsten films at a low temperature with relatively low roughness, stress and impurity levels.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure relate to methods of depositing tungsten. Some embodiments of the disclosure provide methods for depositing tungsten which are performed at relatively low temperatures. Some embodiments of the disclosure provide methods in which the ratio between reactant gasses is controlled. Some embodiments of the disclosure provide selective deposition of tungsten. Some embodiments of the disclosure provide methods for depositing tungsten films at a low temperature with relatively low roughness, stress and impurity levels.

Abstract: One or more embodiments relates to a system and method for growing ultrasmooth and high quantum efficiency photocathodes. The method includes exposing a substrate of Si wafer to an alkali source; controlling co-evaporating growth and co-deposition forming a growth including Te; and monitoring a stoichiometry of the growth, forming the photocathodes.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure relate to methods of depositing tungsten. Some embodiments of the disclosure provide methods for depositing tungsten which are performed at relatively low temperatures. Some embodiments of the disclosure provide methods in which the ratio between reactant gasses is controlled. Some embodiments of the disclosure provide selective deposition of tungsten. Some embodiments of the disclosure provide methods for depositing tungsten films at a low temperature with relatively low roughness, stress and impurity levels.