Abstract: A phase-change memory (PCM) cell is provided to include a first electrode, a second electrode, and a phase-change feature disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The phase-change feature is configured to change its data state based on a write operation performed on the PCM cell. The write operation includes a reset stage and a set stage. In the reset stage, a plurality of reset current pulses are applied to the PCM cell, and the reset current pulses have increasing current amplitudes. In the set stage, a plurality of set current pulses are applied to the PCM cell, and the set current pulses exhibit an increasing trend in current amplitude. The current amplitudes of the set current pulses are smaller than those of the reset current pulses.

Abstract: A field-effect transistor (FET) based one-time programmable (OTP) device is discussed. The OTP device includes a fin structure, a gate structure, a first contact region, and a second contact region. The first contact region includes an insulating region and a conductive region and is configured to be electrically isolated from the gate structure. While, the second contact region includes the conductive region and is configured to be electrically coupled to at least a portion of the gate structure. The OTP device is configured to be programmed by disintegration of the insulating region in response to a first voltage being applied to the first contact and a second voltage being applied to the second contact region simultaneously, where the second voltage is higher than the first voltage by a threshold value.

Abstract: Some of the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a transistor comprising a p-type well; and an n-type well; wherein at least a part of one of the p-type well and the n-type well overlaps with at least a part of another of the p-type well and the n-type well. Other embodiments are also described and claimed.