Abstract: The present invention provides PD-1 monoclonal antibodies, particularly human monoclonal antibodies of PD-1, which specifically bind to PD-1 with high affinity and comprise a heavy chain and a light chain. The present invention further provides nucleic acid sequence encoding the antibodies of the invention, cloning or expression vectors, host cells and methods for expressing or isolating the antibodies. Immunoconjugates, therapeutic compositions comprising the antibodies of the invention are also provided. The invention also provides methods for treating various cancers with anti-PD-1 antibodies.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel STR markers for DNA fingerprinting. More specifically, the invention relates to seven different STR markers for DNA fingerprinting of a DNA sample, whereby each marker comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS:1 to 7 as set forth in FIGS. 1A-1B.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for constructing internal standards used in competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for determining the amount of a target nucleic acid sequence in a sample. The method comprises the steps of a) digesting the cloned target nucleic acid sequence with a cohesive-end generating restriction endonuclease; b) filling the restriction endonuclease cohesive-ends of step a) by Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase; and c) blunt-end ligating the fragment of nucleic acid of step b) to form the internal standard. The internal standard nucleic acid sequence differs from the target nucleic acid sequence such that a restriction endonuclease recognition site is destroyed by adding sufficient contiguous bases to the target nucleic acid sequence such that the size difference between the target nucleic acid sequence and the internal standard nucleic acid sequence can be detected by gel electrophoresis.