Abstract: The present invention provides a high-strength and high-heat-resistant bio-based polyamide composition, which consists of the following parts of materials by mass: 43.50-89.95% of bio-based polyamide resin slices; 10-50% of reinforcements; 0.01-2% of rare earth compounds; 0.01-1% of copper salt antioxidant combinations; 0.01-1% of free-radical scavengers; 0.01-0.5% of heat-conducting masterbatches; 0.01-1% of stabilizers; and 0-1% of dispersants. The advantage of the present invention is presented in that: the bio-based polyamide resin slice is prepared through a stepwise polycondensation process of pentanediamine and adipic acid, or through a stepwise polycondensation process of pentanediamine, adipic acid and terephthalic acid and the pentanediamine is prepared through fermentation of starch, so the prepared polyamide resin pertains to an environmentally-friendly engineering plastic.