Abstract: An electronic device includes a printed circuit board (PCB) with electronics configured to generate and receive data by a radio-frequency carrier signal via a signal terminal. A monopole antenna having first and second ends is connected to a signal terminal of the PCB at the first end. A first section of the antenna extends away from the signal terminal by a first length in a first direction. A second section of the antenna extends away from the first section by a second greater length in a second direction different from the first direction. The first section is spaced apart from the PCB by a third section of the antenna, and the second end of the antenna is spaced apart from the PCB by a dielectric spacer. The length of the antenna may be ¼ of a carrier frequency provided by the signal terminal.

Abstract: A communication method and apparatus are provided, and relate to the field of wireless communication technologies, to resolve a problem in a conventional technology that communication quality during communication between a satellite and a communication apparatus cannot be ensured, and to ensure security of high-accuracy location information of the satellite. In the method, the communication apparatus may perform random access to the satellite based on first location information. The communication apparatus may perform uplink communication with the satellite based on obtained second location information. Accuracy of a location obtained based on the second location information is higher than accuracy of a location obtained based on the first location information. Based on this solution, required accuracy of location information of the satellite is different.

Abstract: A selected network element is arranged for distributed transmission resource allocation conflict reduction. The selected network element receives a transmission from one of a first other network element and a second other network element and identifies at least one transmission resource indicated by the received transmission as being reserved by the first other network element and the second other network element. The selected network element stores an indication of each of the at least one identified transmission resource. In response to reading the stored indications, the selected network element selects a different transmission resource that is different from the transmission resource indicated by the stored indications. The selected network element transmits a transmission from the selected network element using the selected different transmission resource.

Abstract: A network includes at least one node to communicate with at least one other node via a wireless network protocol. The node includes a network configuration module to periodically switch a current node function of the node between an intermediate node function and a leaf node function. The switch of the current node function enables automatic reconfiguration of the wireless network based on detected communications between the at least one node and at least one intermediate node or at least one leaf node via the wireless network protocol.

Abstract: A terminal determines a first frequency for accessing the network device Then, the terminal determines at least one second frequency based on the first frequency, where any second frequency is different from the first frequency, and at least two second frequencies are also different. The terminal selects at least two different second frequencies from the first frequency and the at least one second frequency. The terminal separately receives, in a time unit in a period by using the at least two different frequencies, an SSB from the network device. The terminal accesses the network device based on received one or more different SSBs.

Abstract: This application discloses a frequency compensation method and apparatus, to improve performance of frequency compensation. The method includes: determining a change rate of a Doppler frequency shift value based on a weighted change rate of a change rate of a timing advance TA, determining the Doppler frequency shift value based on the change rate of the Doppler frequency shift value, and performing frequency compensation based on the determined Doppler frequency shift value; or determining a frequency offset value based on the Doppler frequency shift value with reference to pre-compensation and based on a reference signal, to further determine a frequency offset value, and performing frequency compensation based on the frequency offset value.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to random access preamble transmission methods, apparatuses, and storage mediums. In one example method, a terminal device determines, based on a target sub-coverage area to which the terminal device belongs in a preset coverage area of a network device, target random access preamble format information corresponding to the target sub-coverage area. Then, the terminal device sends, to the network device on a target time-frequency resource indicated by target random access preamble time-frequency resource information corresponding to the target random access preamble format information, a random access preamble corresponding to the target random access preamble format information.

Abstract: The disclosure provides information transmission methods and communication apparatuses. One example method includes that a receiving apparatus receives a synchronization signal and cell-specific information that are sent by a sending apparatus on a first beam, where the cell-specific information includes indication information which indicates whether there is beam-specific information, and the first beam comprises a plurality of second beams. In response to determining that the indication information indicates that there is the beam-specific information, the receiving apparatus receives beam-specific information of second beam of the plurality of second beams, where the beam-specific information is sent by the sending apparatus on the second beam, and the receiving apparatus is within coverage of the second beam. The receiving apparatus performs initial access using the synchronization signal, the cell-specific information, and the beam-specific information.

Abstract: A selected network element is arranged for distributed transmission resource allocation conflict reduction. The selected network element receives a transmission from one of a first other network element and a second other network element and identifies at least one transmission resource indicated by the received transmission as being reserved by the first other network element and the second other network element. The selected network element stores an indication of each of the at least one identified transmission resource. In response to reading the stored indications, the selected network element selects a different transmission resource that is different from the transmission resource indicated by the stored indications. The selected network element transmits a transmission from the selected network element using the selected different transmission resource.

Abstract: Example communication methods and apparatus are described. In one example method, a terminal receives a first information by using a serving beam, where the first information indicates a delay compensation parameter corresponding to a target beam. The target beam and the serving beam are different beams. The terminal determines, based on a full timing advance and the delay compensation parameter corresponding to the target beam, a differential timing advance corresponding to the target beam.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to access methods and apparatuses. In one example method, a terminal device determines, based on whether a first frequency offset parameter is in a frequency offset parameter range, whether to access a first cell. If the first frequency offset parameter is in the frequency offset parameter range, a current location of the terminal device is not at an edge of the cell. Otherwise, the current location of the terminal device may be at the edge of the cell.

Abstract: A compound as shown in formula I. R1 is selected from the group consisting of —OH, —CH3, —CH2CH3, —OCH3, —OCH2CH3; R2 is selected from the group consisting of —H, —OH, —CH3, —CH2CH3, —CH2CH2CH3, —OCH3, —OCH2CH2CH3; R3 is selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CF3; R4 is selected from the group consisting of —H, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CF3; and R5 is selected from the group consisting of —H, —CH3, —CH2CH3.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to network switching methods and apparatuses. in one example method, a beam that currently provides a service for a terminal device is a first beam. The first beam is generated by a first network device. The first network device obtains user information of the terminal device, and obtains switching information based on the user information. After the first network device sends the switching information to the terminal device, the terminal device can perform beam switching based on the switching information.

Abstract: The disclosure provides satellite communication methods and related devices. One example method includes that a device receives a first common timing advance (TA) parameter and a first common TA change amount calculation parameter, where the first common TA parameter is used to obtain a first common TA, and the first common TA change amount calculation parameter is used to update the first common TA to obtain an updated common TA. The device sends a random access preamble by using the updated common TA.

Abstract: This application discloses a beam establishment method. A terminal apparatus obtains synchronization signal and PBCH blocks SSBs in a plurality of beams; then determines a target beam in the plurality of beams based on an association relationship between an SSB index and a first random access preamble, where the first random access preamble is determined based on a cyclic shift and/or an order of symbols; and finally sends the random access preamble by using the target beam, to initiate a random access request. A communication device receives the first random access preamble in the random access request sent by the terminal apparatus, and then determines, based on the association relationship, the target beam accessed by the terminal apparatus. According to embodiments of this application, the first random access preamble is determined based on the cyclic shift and/or the order of symbols.

Abstract: This application discloses a random access preamble configuration method applicable to a satellite network and a communication apparatus. In the method, a random access preamble location offset and duration of a PRACH occasion can be flexibly configured based on features of a satellite system. The method includes: A receiving apparatus receives first indication information, where the first indication information includes indication information used to identify the random access preamble location offset at the physical random access channel PRACH occasion. The receiving apparatus transmits a random preamble based on the first indication information, where the random preamble includes a sequence part and a guard time. Because a communication distance is relatively long and a transmission delay difference between users is relatively large in a satellite communication system, time domain resources occupied by the PRACH occasion can be minimized by using this method.

Abstract: This application discloses example signal sending methods and apparatuses, and example signal processing methods and apparatuses. One example method includes generating, by a terminal device, a channel sounding reference signal (SRS). The terminal device can then send the SRS to a target base station, where the target base station detects, by using the SRS, that a change range of an uplink timing location of the terminal device is not less than a length of one SRS symbol.

Abstract: The disclosure provides satellite communication methods and related devices. One example method includes generating a random access preamble sequence which includes a cyclic prefix, a sequence part, and a guard interval. The sequence part includes a subsequence A and a subsequence B, or the sequence part includes a subsequence C, and the subsequence C is a time domain superimposed sequence of a subsequence A and a subsequence B. The subsequence A includes at least one preamble symbol, the subsequence B includes at least one preamble symbol, and the subsequence A and the subsequence B are respectively generated by using ZC sequences of different root indexes, a quantity of subsequences A is m, a quantity of subsequences B is m or m?1, and m is a positive integer. The method further includes outputting the random access preamble sequence.

Abstract: The disclosure provides transmission methods and apparatuses. One example includes sending control signaling to a terminal device, to indicate the terminal device to send a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) on a first frequency band; and receiving the PUSCH sent by the terminal device on the first frequency band. The first frequency band includes at least one guard subcarrier. A quantity of the at least one guard subcarrier is determined based on a Doppler frequency shift of a beam covering the terminal device. The first frequency band is located on a frequency band corresponding to the beam.

Abstract: This disclosure provides data processing methods. One example including a network device obtains target information that includes a transmission delay difference corresponding to a target beam or a target cell; determines a first preamble format based on the transmission delay difference, and then determines first configuration information used to indicate the first preamble format and a first set of random access occasions included in a random access period, where an interval between random access times included in the first set of random access occasions is greater than or equal to a preamble length corresponding to the first preamble format; and generates a corresponding first configuration index based on the first configuration information. The preamble formats required for different beams or cells can be determined based on transmission delay differences corresponding to the different beams or cells, and then configuration information of a random access occasion is further determined.