Abstract: In an example embodiment, a textile-based energy generator includes first and second electrode substrates, each of the first and second electrode substrates including a textile structure and an energy generation layer between the first and second electrode substrates, the energy generation layer on at least one of the first and second electrode substrates, the energy generation layer configured to generate electrical energy by at least one of generating friction between different materials and contacting and separating the different materials.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a pattern structure includes preparing a wafer that has a plurality of fine patterns, generating a first trench by processing the wafer from a first surface to a first depth, and generating a second trench connected to the first trench by processing the wafer from a second surface which is opposite to the first surface to a second depth, thereby cutting the wafer.

Abstract: A backlight unit for a three-dimensional (3D) image display includes a light guiding plate configured to guide light; a light source configured to emit the light to the light guiding plate; and a diffraction grating structure provided on a surface of the light guiding plate, the diffraction grating structure configured to diffract the light emitted from the surface of the light guiding plate, and including diffracting gratings having different heights.

Abstract: A method of correcting optical characteristics of a back light unit (BLU) for a three-dimensional (3D) display apparatus includes: obtaining first optical characteristics of a reference image; obtaining a corrected image by applying an initial correction value, which is determined based on the first optical characteristics, to the reference image; obtaining second optical characteristics of the corrected image; determining whether the second optical characteristics match reference optical characteristics; outputting the corrected image based on determining that the second optical characteristics match the reference optical characteristics, and obtaining a new corrected image and repeating, for the new corrected image, the obtaining the second optical characteristics and the determining whether the second optical characteristics match the reference optical characteristics, based on determining that the second optical characteristics of the corrected image do not match the reference optical characteristics.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a pattern structure includes preparing a wafer that has a plurality of fine patterns, generating a first trench by processing the wafer from a first surface to a first depth, and generating a second trench connected to the first trench by processing the wafer from a second surface which is opposite to the first surface to a second depth, thereby cutting the wafer.

Abstract: An input coupler includes: a plurality of semi-reflectors located along an optical path along which a light incident from a light source travels, each of the plurality of semi-reflectors comprising a reflective surface that is inclined with respect to the optical path and configured to reflect a first portion of the light and transmit a second portion of the light; and a plurality of optical path changing members configured to change an optical path of the light transmitted through the plurality of semi-reflectors, wherein the plurality of semi-reflectors and the plurality of optical path changing members are arranged such that the light passing through at least one of the plurality of semi-reflectors and emitted in one direction has a linear beam distribution.

Abstract: A three-dimensional (3D) image display apparatus includes a backlight unit configured to provide collimated white light, and a display panel configured to modulate the light provided from the backlight unit based on image information and to display the light in a plurality of viewing zones. The display panel includes a diffractive color filter in which a diffractive element for providing directivity is disposed on a color filter, thereby improving an optical efficiency in 3D image formation.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a pattern structure includes preparing a wafer that has a plurality of fine patterns, generating a first trench by processing the wafer from a first surface to a first depth, and generating a second trench connected to the first trench by processing the wafer from a second surface which is opposite to the first surface to a second depth, thereby cutting the wafer.

Abstract: A directional backlight unit, a three-dimensional (3D) image display apparatus, and a 3D image displaying method are provided. The directional backlight unit includes a light guide plate having an emission surface on which a plurality of grating elements including first and second groups of grating elements are provided. The plurality of grating elements are arranged such that light beams emitted from the first and second groups of grating elements commonly propagate through a plurality of pixel points and respectively form first and second groups of view points of which corresponding regions do not overlap with each other.

Abstract: A directional backlight unit and an image display apparatus including the directional backlight unit are provided. The directional backlight unit includes at least one light source and a light guide plate that guides light emitted by the light source. An interval between grating patterns formed on the light guide plate satisfies at least one condition of a first range and a second range in order to minimize a spreading of light caused by the grating patterns.

Abstract: A directional backlight unit is provided, including a light guide plate, a light source, and a grating that is formed on a light-emitting surface of the light guide plate. The grating is configured such that an intensity of one ray of light, of the light irradiated by the light source and diffracted and emitted by the grating, is greater than a sum of intensities of all other rays of light, of the light irradiated by the light source and diffracted and emitted by the grating.

Abstract: There are provided a backlight unit, a 3D image display apparatus, and a method of manufacturing the same. The backlight unit may include a light source, a light guide plate that guides light irradiated from the light source, and including an exit surface through which the light exits, and a reflection plate provided on at least a part of the exit surface of the light guide plate.

Abstract: A double-sided glassless three-dimensional (3D) display apparatus including a backlight unit may include an light source unit configured to emit light to the front and the rear thereof by diffracting incident light, and first and second display devices configured to use the light emitted by the light source unit as light for a 3D image formation and to form the 3D image on both sides of the light source unit. The light source unit may include a light source portion configured to emit three lights that have three different respective wavelengths and a light guide panel configured to transmit the lights emitted by the light source portion to the first and second display devices.

Abstract: A three-dimensional (3D) image display apparatus includes a directional backlight unit and a display panel. The 3D image display apparatus may include an absorptive wire grid polarizer in the directional backlight unit or the display panel, for minimizing a distance between a diffraction device of the directional backlight unit and a pixel of the display panel.

Abstract: Provided are a directional backlight unit and an image display apparatus including the same. The directional backlight unit includes at least one light source, a light guide plate arranged at a side of the at least one light source and configured to guide light emitted from the at least one light source by total reflection, a plurality of diffraction gratings arranged in a pattern at a surface of the light guide plate and configured to diffract the light and to emit the light diffracted by the plurality of diffraction gratings at a predetermined angle from a front surface; and a mirror arranged at a rear surface of the light guide plate and configured to reflect the light diffracted by the plurality of diffraction gratings toward the light guide plate, the rear surface of the light guide plate being opposite to the front surface of the light guide plate.

Abstract: A directional backlight unit and a three-dimensional (3D) image display device including the directional backlight unit are provided. The directional backlight unit includes: a light guide plate, a light source configured to irradiate an incident surface of the light guide plate with a plurality of color lights, and a grating that includes a sub-grating configured to react to all of the plurality of color lights. The directional backlight unit may further include a color filter that corresponds to a plurality of color lights emitted from each sub-grating.

Abstract: A flexible bimodal sensor includes a gate electrode; a flexible substrate; a source electrode disposed on the flexible substrate; a drain electrode disposed on the flexible substrate apart from the source electrode; a channel layer disposed on the source electrode and the drain electrode and a portion of the flexible substrate between the source electrode and the drain electrode; and a gate insulating layer comprising a plurality of protrusions, the gate insulating layer being disposed on the channel layer and arranged between the channel layer and the gate electrode. The drain electrode outputs a current signal simultaneously indicating a temperature value and a pressure value sensed by the flexible bimodal sensor.

Abstract: A directional backlight unit includes: a light source configured to emit light; a light guide plate including: an incident surface on which light emitted by the light source is incident, an emission surface from which the light incident on the incident surface is emitted, and a reflective surface facing the emission surface; a reflective polarizer provided on the emission surface and configured to transmit a portion of the light as first polarized light having a first polarization direction and reflect another portion of the light as second polarized light having a second polarization direction and being perpendicular to the first polarized light; and a diffractor configured to diffract the first polarized light transmitted through the reflective polarizer toward a plurality of viewing zones.

Abstract: A directional backlight and a 3D image display apparatus including the directional backlight are provided. The directional backlight includes a light guide plate guiding light emitted from a light source; a diffractive device configured to adjust the direction of light exiting the light guide plate; and an aperture adjusting layer including a plurality of apertures. The aperture adjusting layer may adjust the optical output efficiency of the diffractive device.

Abstract: A directional backlight unit, a three-dimensional (3D) image display apparatus, and a 3D image displaying method are provided. The directional backlight unit includes a light guide plate having an emission surface on which a plurality of grating elements including first and second groups of grating elements are provided. The plurality of grating elements are arranged such that light beams emitted from the first and second groups of grating elements commonly propagate through a plurality of pixel points and respectively form first and second groups of view points of which corresponding regions do not overlap with each other.