Abstract: Coated metal oxide materials, methods, process, and apparatus for making the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a method for making a coated metal oxide in a closed-loop continuous hydrothermal process includes mixing a first metal-containing solution and a first high energy component to facilitate formation of a metal oxide. The method can further include mixing an additional solution forming a coating on the metal oxide. In some embodiments, a process of making a coating metal oxide in a closed-loop system includes mixing a first metal-containing solution and a first high energy component to facilitate formation of a metal oxide, and forming a coating on the metal oxide, where the process occurs in one or more reactors.

Abstract: A composite and an electrode made of the same. The composite includes nanoparticles of an active material, said nanoparticles being surface refined by a post-synthetic annealing treatment to remove or minimize surface impurities thereon; and conformal graphene coating on each surface of said nanoparticles.

Abstract: A composite, an anode electrode for an electrochemical device including said composite, and a fabricating method of said composite. Said composite includes graphene and nanoparticles of an active material, wherein said nanoparticles are conformally coated and networked by said graphene.

Abstract: Battery systems, methods of in-situ grid-scale battery construction, and in-situ battery regeneration methods are disclosed. The battery system features controllable capacity regeneration for grid-scale energy storage. The battery system includes a battery comprising a plurality of cells. Each cell includes a cathode comprising cathode electrode materials disposed on a first current collector, an anode comprising anode electrode materials disposed on a second current collector, a separator or spacer disposed between the cathode and the anode an electrolyte to fill the battery in the spaces between electrodes. The battery system includes a battery system controller, wherein the battery system controller is configured to selectively charge and discharge the battery at a normal cutoff voltage and wherein the battery system controller is further configured to selectively charge and discharge the battery at a capacity regeneration voltage as part of a healing reaction to generate active electrode materials.

Abstract: Batteries, coating materials and methods for cathode active materials, composition of cathode electrode sheets are disclosed. The battery includes a cathode selected from the group consisting of a nickel-rich material and an iron phosphate material and an ionic-electronic conducting polymeric coating on the cathode.

Abstract: A composite material and a method for fabricating the same. The composite material includes graphene and active material particles. Each surface of the active material particles is conformally coated with said graphene. The method includes forming a mixture containing an active material, graphene, ethyl cellulose (EC) polymer and multiwalled carbon nanotubes, and thermally annealing the mixture at an annealing temperature in an oxidizing environment to decompose the majority of EC, thereby resulting in the composite material having each active material particle coated with a conformal graphene coating.

Abstract: Battery systems, methods of in-situ grid-scale battery construction, and in-situ battery regeneration methods are disclosed. The battery system features controllable capacity regeneration for grid-scale energy storage. The battery system includes a battery comprising a plurality of cells. Each cell includes a cathode comprising cathode electrode materials disposed on a first current collector, an anode comprising anode electrode materials disposed on a second current collector, a separator or spacer disposed between the cathode and the anode an electrolyte to fill the battery in the spaces between electrodes. The battery system includes a battery system controller, wherein the battery system controller is configured to selectively charge and discharge the battery at a normal cutoff voltage and wherein the battery system controller is further configured to selectively charge and discharge the battery at a capacity regeneration voltage as part of a healing reaction to generate active electrode materials.

Abstract: Zinc ion battery systems and methods for battery regeneration are disclosed. The Zinc ion battery system includes a battery including a plurality of cells, each cell including a cathode comprising cathode electrode materials disposed on a current collector, an anode comprising anode electrode materials disposed on a current collector, a separator or spacer disposed between the cathode and the anode, an electrolyte to fill the battery in the spaces between electrodes and an electrolyte circulation system.

Abstract: Cathode materials, batteries, and methods of forming one or more electrodes for batteries are disclosed. A coated cathode material includes a lithium battery cathode material, a first sub-nanoscale lithium metal oxide coating on the lithium transition metal oxide and a sub-nanoscale metal oxide coating on top of the first sub-nanoscale lithium metal oxide coating. The first sub-nanoscale lithium metal oxide and the sub-nanoscale metal oxide coating are each less than 1 nm thick.

Abstract: A composite anode for a zinc-based battery device is disclosed. The composite anode includes a pretreated Zn layer with one or more first coating layers, where in the Zn layer comprises a Zn film and a pretreated current collector substrate with one or more substrate coating layers. The pretreated Zn layer is pretreated by one or more of polishing, grinding, sanding, etching, and cleaning and the pretreated current collector substrate is pretreated by one or more of polishing, grinding, sanding, etching, and cleaning.

Abstract: Batteries, methods for recycling batteries, and methods of forming one or more electrodes for batteries are disclosed. The battery includes at least one of (i) a cathode including a nickel-rich material and a first sub-nanoscale metal oxide coating on the nickel-rich material; and (ii) an anode including an anode material and a second sub-nanoscale metal oxide coating disposed on the anode material.

Abstract: Batteries, methods for recycling batteries, and methods of forming one or more electrodes for batteries are disclosed. The battery includes at least one of (i) a cathode including a nickel-rich material and a first sub-nanoscale metal oxide coating on the nickel-rich material; and (ii) an anode including an anode material and a second sub-nanoscale metal oxide coating disposed on the anode material.

Abstract: Battery systems, methods of in-situ grid-scale battery construction, and in-situ battery regeneration methods are disclosed. The battery system features controllable capacity regeneration for grid-scale energy storage. The battery system includes a battery comprising a plurality of cells. Each cell includes a cathode comprising cathode electrode materials disposed on a first current collector, an anode comprising anode electrode materials disposed on a second current collector, a separator or spacer disposed between the cathode and the anode an electrolyte to fill the battery in the spaces between electrodes. The battery system includes a battery system controller, wherein the battery system controller is configured to selectively charge and discharge the battery at a normal cutoff voltage and wherein the battery system controller is further configured to selectively charge and discharge the battery at a capacity regeneration voltage as part of a healing reaction to generate active electrode materials.

Abstract: Disclosed are a positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery, a method of manufacturing the same, and a rechargeable lithium battery including the same. More specifically, the positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery is a compound having an orthorhombic layered structure represented by the following Chemical Formula 1 or a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 2, a method for producing the same, and a rechargeable lithium battery including the same. Li1+xMyO2+z??[Chemical Formula 1] {m(Li1+xMyO2+z)}.{1-m(LiMO2)}??[Chemical Formula 2] Wherein, in the above Chemical Formula 1 or Chemical Formula 2, M is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Mn, Co, Ni, Al, Ti, Mo, V, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zr, Nb, and Ga, 0.7?x?1.2, 0.8?y?1.2, ?0.2?z?0.2, and 0<m?1.

Abstract: Disclosed are a positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery, a method of manufacturing the same, and a rechargeable lithium battery including the same. More specifically, the positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery is a compound having an orthorhombic layered structure represented by the following Chemical Formula 1 or a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 2, a method for producing the same, and a rechargeable lithium battery including the same. Li1+xMyO2+z??[Chemical Formula 1] {m(Li1+xMyO2+z)}.{1-m(LiMO2)}??[Chemical Formula 2] Wherein, in the above Chemical Formula 1 or Chemical Formula 2, M is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Mn, Co, Ni, Al, Ti, Mo, V, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zr, Nb, and Ga, 0.7?x?1.2, 0.8?y?1.2, ?0.2?z?0.2, and 0<m?1.