Abstract: The present invention provides an external additive for toner, selected from the group consisting of tin oxide fine particles, complex tin oxide fine particles, and a mixture of the same fine particles, wherein the fine particles are (?) charged fine particles having an energy band gap of 3.2 to 3.6 eV, an electronegativity value (?) of 15 to 18, and a Blow-Off charge amount (uC/g) of ?100 to ?150. The external additive for toner of the present invention can: replace nano-sized titanium dioxide which has been conventionally used as an external additive for toner; guarantee general consumers using image devices as well as workers in the image industry safety from the harmful influences that may be generated upon exposure to the nano-sized titanium dioxide detached from the surface of a toner in use; and be safe for the human body.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an aluminum assembly pallet. This includes a plurality of upper plates each having a predetermined length, a binding device coupled at an upper end thereof to a lower portion of each upper plate, with a sliding protrusion formed on a lower end of the binding device, and a middle plate disposed under each of the upper plates to be perpendicular thereto and assembled with the binding device. The middle plate includes a sliding groove formed to allow the sliding protrusion to be movable inwards in a longitudinal direction of the middle plate, a plurality of entrance holes formed in an upper end of the sliding groove to allow the sliding protrusion to go in and out, and a connecting hole connecting the entrance holes to each other and having a width that is smaller than a diameter of each of the entrance holes.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an aluminum assembly pallet. This includes a plurality of upper plates each having a predetermined length, a binding device coupled at an upper end thereof to a lower portion of each upper plate, with a sliding protrusion formed on a lower end of the binding device, and a middle plate disposed under each of the upper plates to be perpendicular thereto and assembled with the binding device. The middle plate includes a sliding groove formed to allow the sliding protrusion to be movable inwards in a longitudinal direction of the middle plate, a plurality of entrance holes formed in an upper end of the sliding groove to allow the sliding protrusion to go in and out, and a connecting hole connecting the entrance holes to each other and having a width that is smaller than a diameter of each of the entrance holes.

Abstract: One or more computing instances are instantiated and allocated to customers. The computing instances have a modifiable interruptibility property that is operable to allow a computing instance to be terminated or reallocated from a first customer to a second customer. Requests for additional computing instances having modifiable interruptibility properties are received. Information pertaining to the instantiated computing instances and requested additional computing instances is provided. The information may include a current status of the instantiated computing instances or requested additional computing resources.

Abstract: In a computing environment, a request to fulfill a computational task and a constraint for fulfilling the computational task is received from an entity. The request is independent of the quantity or type of resource slot to fulfill the computation task. The quantity or type of resource slots sufficient to fulfill the request is determined in accordance with a constraint. The resource slots are associated with the entity and allocated a plurality of geographically separate computing environments. Master resource slots are allocated in the geographically separate computing environments based on the criterion and the quantity or type of resource slots. The master resource slots can be reallocated based on changes to the allocated resources slots.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire for a vehicle is herein disclosed. The pneumatic tire includes a tread, side walls, and beads. A plurality of tread blocks and grooves are formed in the tread. Kerfs are formed in the tread blocks. Each kerf face of each of the kerfs includes a flange portion, a plurality of concave kerf portions, and a plurality of convex kerf portions. The flange portion is formed in the outermost portion of the tread. The concave kerf and convex kerf portions are connected to the flange portion, and are alternately formed in depth and lengthwise directions of the kerf. The concave kerf portions correspond to opposite convex kerf portions. The convex kerf portions correspond to opposite concave kerf portions. The concave and convex kerf portions are configured such that the protrusion directions of the concave and convex kerf portions are opposite to each other.

Abstract: One or more resource slots are allocated to a customer according to a first set of pricing policies. The customer is allowed to identify at least one of the resource slots and identify other users allowed to access the identified resource slots according to a second pricing policy, the second pricing policy being designated by the customer.

Abstract: One or more resource slots are instantiated and allocated to a user according to a first set of pricing policies. The user is allowed to identify at least one of the resource slots and identify other users allowed to access the identified resource slots according to a second pricing policy, the second pricing policy being designated by the user. An indication is received that a request has been received that exceeds a computing capacity. In response, additional computing capacity to allow fulfillment of the request is allocated.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire for a vehicle is herein disclosed. The pneumatic tire includes a tread, side walls, and beads. A plurality of tread blocks and grooves are formed in the tread. Kerfs are formed in the tread blocks. Each kerf face of each of the kerfs includes a flange portion, a plurality of concave kerf portions, and a plurality of convex kerf portions. The flange portion is formed in the outermost portion of the tread. The concave kerf and convex kerf portions are connected to the flange portion, and are alternately formed in depth and lengthwise directions of the kerf. The concave kerf portions correspond to opposite convex kerf portions. The convex kerf portions correspond to opposite concave kerf portions. The concave and convex kerf portions are configured such that the protrusion directions of the concave and convex kerf portions are opposite to each other.

Abstract: A swing control apparatus and a swing control method for a construction machine are provided. The swing control apparatus includes a start position estimation unit, a stop target position calculation unit, and a swing motor position control unit. Even if an operator releases a lever or commands a stop at different times, an upper swing structure of the construction machine (for example, excavator) can be stopped within a predetermined range, and thus the inconvenience caused by an additional driving operation, which is required as the stop position differs according to the time point where the stop command starts, can be solved.

Abstract: A battery module including a battery cell including: an electrode assembly including a first electrode and a second electrode; a case housing the electrode assembly; and a short circuit member at a side of the case and electrically coupled to the second electrode is disclosed. The battery may further include a short circuit connector including a short circuit conductor electrically coupled to the first electrode, the short circuit member being spaced from the short circuit conductor and being configured to change shape to contact the short circuit conductor, and the short circuit connector having a cutout below the short circuit conductor.

Abstract: A swing control apparatus and a swing control method for a construction machine are provided. The swing control apparatus includes a start position estimation unit, a stop target position calculation unit, and a swing motor position control unit. Even if an operator releases a lever or commands a stop at different times, an upper swing structure of the construction machine (for example, excavator) can be stopped within a predetermined range, and thus the inconvenience caused by an additional driving operation, which is required as the stop position differs according to the time point where the stop command starts, can be solved.

Abstract: A leveling control system and method for heavy equipment, in which a lower frame having a traveling unit and an upper frame are combined together by a tilting unit, includes a sensor unit, provided in the equipment, for measuring twist angles of the lower frame and the upper frame against a reference horizontal surface and a traveling speed of the equipment, and detecting working state information of working devices; a control unit for receiving the twist angles, the traveling speed, and the working state information, calculating a correction angle for the leveling control of the upper frame, and generating a control signal for instructing an operation of an actuator in accordance with the correction angle; and a driving unit for performing the leveling through the actuator in accordance with the control signal received therein.

Abstract: Disclosed are a horsepower control system for a hybrid excavator and a control method thereof which controls the driving of a generator driver or a swing motor driver with a swing power ratio of 1 and a hydraulic power ratio of 1 in a first operation mode, and with a swing power ratio of r (a user set value) and a hydraulic power ratio of 1?r in a second operation mode. When the power required by the user is fully used, energy from an energy storage is used to maximize work capacity. When the total horsepower used is limited to the range of horsepower available, the limited use of the driving device is at a level of horsepower similar to that of a typical system, thereby minimizing fuel consumption.

Abstract: A leveling control system and method for heavy equipment, in which a lower frame having a traveling unit and an upper frame are combined together by a tilting unit, includes a sensor unit, provided in the equipment, for measuring twist angles of the lower frame and the upper frame against a reference horizontal surface and a traveling speed of the equipment, and detecting working state information of working devices; a control unit for receiving the twist angles, the traveling speed, and the working state information, calculating a correction angle for the leveling control of the upper frame, and generating a control signal for instructing an operation of an actuator in accordance with the correction angle; and a driving unit for performing the leveling through the actuator in accordance with the control signal received therein.

Abstract: An image display system for controlling automatic leveling of heavy equipment is provided. The image display system includes the leveling means for adjusting horizontal levels of a lower frame provided with a traveling means and an upper frame having a cab and installed on an upper part of the lower frame, a sensor unit for sensing posture information of the heavy equipment, a leveler electronic control unit for generating an image signal from the posture information, and an image display unit for displaying the image signal on a display screen. The posture information includes inclination angles of the upper frame and the lower frame sensed on the basis of a horizontal surface against a direction of gravity, an azimuth angle of the heavy equipment sensed against a forward direction of the upper frame, and a swing angle of the upper frame sensed on the basis of a front direction of the lower frame.

Abstract: A leveling control system and method for heavy equipment, in which a lower frame having a traveling unit and an upper frame are combined together by a tilting unit. The system includes a sensor unit, provided in the equipment, for measuring twist angles of the lower frame and the upper frame against a reference horizontal surface and a traveling speed of the equipment, and detecting working state information of working devices; a control unit for receiving the twist angles, the traveling speed, and the working state information, calculating a correction angle for the leveling control of the upper frame, and generating a control signal for instructing an operation of an actuator in accordance with the correction angle; and a driving unit for performing the leveling through the actuator in accordance with the control signal received therein.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling automatic leveling heavy construction equipment. The system has a lower frame and an upper frame, the lower frame having a traveling unit, and the upper frame being tiltably and swingably connected to the lower frame. The system comprises a sensor unit, provided in the equipment, including an inclination detecting sensor for measuring twist angles of the lower frame and the upper frame against a reference horizontal surface, a traveling detection sensor for measuring a traveling speed of the equipment, and a working device sensor for detecting working state information of a working device. A control unit receives the twist angles, the traveling speed, and the working state information, calculates a corrected angle at which the upper frame is to be tilted against the lower frame, and generates a control signal for instructing an operation of an actuator. A driving unit performs a leveling control through the actuator in accordance with the received control signal.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling an automatic leveling of heavy equipment. The system, in which a lower frame having a traveling unit and an upper frame are combined together by a tilting unit, includes a sensor unit, provided in the equipment, for sensing twist angles of the lower frame and the upper frame against a reference horizontal surface and a traveling speed of the equipment. A control unit receives the twist angles and the traveling speed, sets a limit of an operation time for the automatic leveling in a standstill state of the equipment while calculating a corrected angle to which a twist angle of the upper frame is to be corrected, without setting the limit of the operation time for the automatic leveling, in a traveling state of the equipment, and generates a control signal for instructing an operation of a tilting unit in accordance with the corrected angle. A driving unit performs a tilting control through the tilting unit in accordance with the received control signal.

Abstract: A leveling control system and method for heavy equipment is provided. The leveling control system for heavy equipment, in which a lower frame having a traveling means and an upper frame are combined together by a tilting means, includes a sensor unit, provided in the equipment, for measuring twist angles of the lower frame and the upper frame against a reference horizontal surface and a traveling speed of the equipment, and detecting working state information of working devices; a control unit for receiving the twist angles, the traveling speed, and the working state information, calculating a correction angle for the leveling control of the upper frame, and generating a control signal for instructing an operation of an actuator in accordance with the correction angle; and a driving unit for performing the leveling through the actuator in accordance with the control signal received therein.