Abstract: A polarized measuring light is provided to a sensing means under the influence of an alternating electrical quantity, the polarization of the measuring light changing as a function of the alternating electrical quantity. After passing through the sensing means, the measuring light is split into two differently polarized partial light signals, which are then converted into electrical intensity signals S1 and S2. An intensity-normalized signal P=(S1-S2)/(S1+S2) is then formed. A temperature-compensated measured signal can then be derived from the alternating signal component PAC and the direct signal component PDC of the intensity-normalized signal according to the equation S=(a*PAC+b*1)/(c*PDC+d*1). The temperature sensitivity can thus be reduced by a factor of ten.

Abstract: A lithotripsy measurement arrangement for calibrating ultrasonic shock wave sensors includes a generator 32 that is arranged at one end of a steepening tube 31 filled with a sound-carrying medium 3. Additionally, the arrangement includes an optical sensor head 34 which measures the measurement shock waves generated by generator 32 and steepened in steepening tube 31, and an analysis unit 10 optically connected via a fiber bundle 50 to sensor head 34. The end 5 of fiber bundle 50 is arranged in a measurement volume 4 inside sensor head 34 opposite a reflector region 22 of a film 2, to irradiate reflector region 22 with light and sense the reflected light. Film 2 is fastened to housing 13 of sensor head 34. Because of its low mass, film 2 follows the movement of the molecules of medium 3 when a measurement shock wave strikes an outer surface 20 of film 2. The corresponding excursion of film 2 is analyzed as a change in intensity of the light reflected back from reflector region 22 into fiber bundle 50.

Abstract: An arrangement for an optical measuring device wherein a detachable plug-in connector is provided to optically couple a sensing device to a transmitter and to a receiver. In this arrangement, a transmitting bundle extending from the transmitter and a receiving bundle extending from the receiver are combined in a single hybrid cable whose end is optically coupled to a corresponding end of a sensing cable extending from a sensing device. To prevent light transported by the transmitting bundle from being reflected onto the receiving bundle, the respective bundles are separated from one another within the hybrid cable by a distance at least as wide as the diameter of any single fiber of the transmitting bundle or the receiving bundle.

Abstract: A method for operating a circuit-breaker by means of which one is able by using a vacuum circuit-breaker, to interrupt inductive circuits without causing disturbing overvoltages. The switching operation of the vacuum circuit-breaker is influenced by a tripping control device, which is supplied with a measured value of the tripping delay of the vacuum circuit-breaker from the instant the tripping signal is output to the instant the contact members are separated as a correcting quantity, in the case of an opening operation that occurred previously. The temperature of the actuator unit of the vacuum circuit-breaker, the standstill time of the circuit-breaker, as well as the operating voltage and temperature of a tripping solenoid can be used as further correcting quantities. The described method is suited for application vacuum circuit-breakers in circuits with inductive components.

Abstract: An arrangement for acquiring a signal corresponding to respiratory motion includes a pneumatic respiratory belt which generates a mechanical pressure signal and a pressure transducer which converts the incoming mechanical pressure signal into an optical signal using a flexible membrane, which is deformed by the pressure signal, and which has a reflective surface thereon so that a modulated light signal is generated corresponding to the pressure signal. The transducer can be constructed avoiding metallic materials, thereby permitting the transducer to be disposed in the radio frequency field of a magnetic resonance imaging tomography apparatus, and thus in the immediate proximity of the respiratory belt. The pressure signals from the belt, since they must travel only a relatively short distance to the transducer, do not significantly deteriorate and thus the sensitivity of the measuring arrangement is increased.

Abstract: An optical apparatus which includes an optical waveguide with an unattached end and a control and evaluation circuit for detecting a cavitation signal caused by the accumulation of cavitation bubbles at the unattached end is used to detect cavitation bubbles such as occur when shock waves pass through liquids.

Abstract: A method for ultrasonic fault localization, in which the fault is determined from the travel time of the ultrasound pulses and the echo pulses, in which an echo pulse reflected in the workpiece at a fault is received at three different points on the surface, the electronic echo pulses are electronically added in phase with a delay dependent on the different propagation times, and fed to an electronic time window such that during the open time of the time window, only echo pulses from the fault are picked up. The fault is displayed graphically as to size, position and shape.