Abstract: A series of fused pentacyclic imidazole derivatives, being potent modulators of human TNFa activity, are accordingly of benefit in the treatment and/or prevention of various human ailments, including autoimmune and inflammatory disorders; neurological and neurodegenerative disorders; pain and nociceptive disorders; cardiovascular disorders; metabolic disorders; ocular disorders; and oncological disorders. In particular, the present invention is concerned with 6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzimidazo[1, 2-b][2,5]benzodiazocin-5(14H)-one derivatives and analogs thereof.

Abstract: Absorption media for separating acidic gases such as C02 from a gas stream are disclosed. In some embodiments, the Absorption media include a solution of water, at least piperazine or a derivative of piperazine, and at least one alkali ion. The at least one alkali ion may be potassium. Methods and apparatus for separating acidic gases from a gas stream using such absorption media are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for producing ammonium carbonate from urea having the steps of providing a urea solution; hydrolyzing the urea solution to produce NH3, CO2 and water vapor at a chosen temperature; contacting the NH3, CO2 and water vapor with an ammonium carbonate solution; and maintaining the concentration of ammonium carbonate between 5 and 30% by weight by adding water to the solution.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing carbon dioxide and other pollutants from a gas stream having components that work synergistically. The invention includes an ammonia based scrubbing solution for SO2 scrubbing; an SO2 absorption section (250) to create contact between the flue gas and the ammonia based scrubbing solution to remove SO2 from the flue gas; a wet electrostatic precipitator to remove aerosols and fine particulate matter from the flue gas; a regenerable carbonate scrubbing solution for CO2 scrubbing, a CO2 absorption section (252) for removal of CO2 adapted to create contact between the flue gas and the scrubbing solution and which operates at a temperature between 32 and 66 degrees C.

Abstract: A process for scrubbing ammonia in a CO2 removal process having the steps of absorbing (204) at least some CO2 from a gas stream (202) with an ammonium carbonate solution or a mixed alkali solution, resulting in a release of >ammonia; regenerating (210) ammonium.carbonate or mixed alkali solution to produce a concentrated CO2 stream; capturing ammonia with an ammonia capture mass transfer apparatus (214). with a concentrated urea ammonium nitrate solution; adjusting the pH of the urea ammonium nitrate solution to between 4 ? and 6 with nitric acid; and adding urea to the urea ammonium nitrate solution, thereby producing a urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) fertilizer product ready for commercial distribution.

Abstract: A method for removing carbon dioxide from a gas stream and controlling ammonia vapor by scrubbing the carbon dioxide from the gas stream with ammonium carbonate, thereby producing ammonia vapor and ammonium bicarbonate; removing a portion of the ammonia vapor from the gas stream with ammonium bicarbonate; and polishing the flue gas to achieve an ammonia concentration of less than 10 PPM.

Abstract: A process for removing carbon dioxide from a gas stream by scrubbing the carbon dioxide from the gas stream with a mixture of ammonium and alkali carbonates such as sodium carbonate and/or potassium carbonate. Using the mixed alkali carbonate solution as the CO2 scrubbing solution offers the opportunity for both low regeneration energy and low ammonia volatility while still maintaining a high rate of CO2 hydration.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for removing SO?2#191, NO, and NO?2#191 from a gas stream having the steps of oxidizing (60) a portion of the NO in the flue gas stream to NO?2#191, scrubbing (62) the SO?2#191, NO, and NO?2#191 with an ammonia scrubbing solution, and removing (64) any ammonia aerosols generated by the scrubbing in a wet electrostatic precipitator. The process can also remove Hg by oxidizing it to HgO and removing it in the wet electrostatic precipitator. Ammonium sulfate, a valuable fertilizer, can be withdrawn from the scrubbing solution.