Abstract: A method and coil apparatus for magnetically stimulating and detecting neural systems both in animals and in humans is disclosed that can provide a peak electric field focus into a selected and electronically adjustable subcutaneous target region of neuronal tissue. Currents in adjacent coils are directed in opposite directions to provide a near surface cancellation of electric fields while producing a peak electric field focus in the target region. The depth and position of the peak electric field focus can be adjusted and steered. In one embodiment, the target volume of neuronal tissue is stimulated with a peak of maximum electric field energy. In a second embodiment, the nerve currents in the target volume are detected.

Abstract: A method for neuromagnetic stimulation or functional neuromuscular stimulation comprises applying a magnetic field with a magnetic induction B to a subcutaneous nerve tissue to be stimulated, and simultaneously directing a focused beam of ultrasonic waves into the magnetic field region such that the ultrasonic waves vibrate orthogonally to the direction of the magnetic field, thereby producing a subcutaneous focus of stimulation having a focal diameter of approximately 1 cm, in order to confine the stimulation into a single nerve bundle or one single nerve region, and to avoid unintentional stimulation of adjoining nerve regions. An apparatus is described for carrying out such method.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for noncontacting measurement and imaging of subcutaneous temperature distributions for the early detection of tumors. The (black-body) thermal electromagnetic radiation emitted by hyperthermic tumorous tissues is collected, focussed and detected within several frequency bands from 8 GHz to 36 GHz using a specially designed light-weight elliptical reflector and a highly sensitive broadband radiometer which are scanned in a raster type fashion over the supine patient. Direct indication of subcutaneous temperatures, microcomputer-aided data processing, and color or grey scale image display provide clinically usable subcutaneous thermograms at several depths which, together with conventional cutaneous infrared thermograms, can be utilized for the early detection and mass screening of tumors such as breast cancer.

Abstract: A method for noncontacting measurement and imaging of subcutaneous temperature distributions for the early detection of tumors. The (black-body) thermal electromagnetic radiation emitted by hyperthermic tumorous tissues is collected, focussed and detected within several frequency bands from 8 GHz to 36 GHz using a specially designed light-weight elliptical reflector and a highly sensitive broadband radiometer which are scanned in a raster type fashion over the supine patient. Direct indication of subcutaneous temperatures, microcomputer-aided data processing, and color or grey scale image display provide clinically usable subcutaneous thermograms at several depths which, together with conventional cutaneous infrared thermograms, can be utilized for the early detection and mass screening of tumors such as breast cancer.