Abstract: An operating microscope including an optical unit for forming an image of an object plane in oculars of the microscope, an optoelectronic image receiver coupled to the microscope and optics to form images, of objects placed in a region between a front objective of the microscope and an object plane of the microscope, on the optoelectronic image receiver. The microscope has a magnification factor of the optics to form images, and a system to detect optical markings forming a markings pattern placed on a surgical instrument or an object placed in the region between the front objective of the microscope and the object plane of the microscope. The system calculates a geometrical position and orientation of the markings pattern in relation to the optoelectronic image receiver, relative to the microscope.

Abstract: An operating microscope including an optical unit for forming an image of an object plane in oculars of the microscope, an optoelectronic image receiver coupled to the microscope and optics to form images, of objects placed in a region between a front objective of the microscope and an object plane of the microscope, on the optoelectronic image receiver. The microscope has a magnification factor of the optics to form images, and a system to detect optical markings forming a markings pattern placed on a surgical instrument or an object placed in the region between the front objective of the microscope and the object plane of the microscope. The system calculates a geometrical position and orientation of the markings pattern in relation to the optoelectronic image receiver, relative to the microscope.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for positional optimization in navigation, in particular neural navigation in surgery with an operation microscope and at least one optoelectronic image detector which may be connected to the microscope and also a computer system. The data obtained from the at least one image detector which lie in the microscope field-of-view for the operator, contain information on the position of an operation instrument, in particular the instrument tip. The actual position of the instrument in the x- and y-direction as well as in the z-direction of a three-dimensional coordinate system is continuously or intermittently determined from the relevant positional data. A separation determination is carried out for the positional determination in the z-direction by means of depth of focus evaluation and/or stereoscopic image analysis.

Abstract: An operating microscope including an optical unit for forming an image of an object plane in oculars of the microscope, an optoelectronic image receiver coupled to the microscope and optics to form images, of objects placed in a region between a front objective of the microscope and an object plane of the microscope, on the optoelectronic image receiver. The microscope has a magnification factor of the optics to form images, and a system to detect optical markings forming a markings pattern placed on a surgical instrument or an object placed in the region between the front objective of the microscope and the object plane of the microscope. The system calculates a geometrical position and orientation of the markings pattern in relation to the optoelectronic image receiver, relative to the microscope.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for positional optimisation in navigation, in particular neural navigation in surgery with an operation microscope and at least one optoelectronic image detector which may be connected to the microscope and also a computer system. The data obtained from the at least one image detector which lie in the microscope field-of-view for the operator, contain information on the position of an operation instrument, in particular the instrument tip. The actual position of the instrument in the x- and y-direction as well as in the z-direction of a three-dimensional coordinate system is continuously or intermittently determined from the relevant positional data. A separation determination is carried out for the positional determination in the z-direction by means of depth of focus evaluation and/or stereoscopic image analysis.

Abstract: The operation microscope with an illuminating device, which is arranged behind the front lens (1) and illuminates the object plane (2) with a light patch (16), and in whose beam path (9) a diaphragm (6, 7) is arranged which partially covers said beam path, is characterized in that the light patch (16) can be moved with a translatory movement component in the object plane (2).

Abstract: The illuminating device for a surgical microscope, with the aid of which the illumination is performed through the microscope objective (4), is defined in that the angles of the incident light (1a, 1b) with the optical axis (11) of the microscope objective (4), and also the intensity of the various light beams can be varied independently of one another with the aid of two reflecting elements (9, 10) which can be displaced independently of one another.

Abstract: The illuminating device for a surgical microscope, with the aid of which the illumination is performed through the microscope objective (4), is defined in that the angles of the incident light (1a, 1b) with the optical axis (11) of the microscope objective (4), and also the intensity of the various light beams can be varied independently of one another with the aid of two reflecting elements (9, 10) which can be displaced independently of one another.

Abstract: An illuminating device for a surgical microscope, which device has a light source arranged outside the observing beam path, a first deflector for light arranged between the light source and the observing beam path of the microscope, and a second deflector for light arranged closer to the observing beam path than the first deflector, is distinguished in that the first deflector comprises two deflecting elements of which one is fixed and the other is movable, and of which the deflecting element arranged closer to the observed object is also provided with a deflecting device on its side averted from the light source for directing light from the other deflecting element to the second deflector.