Abstract: With respect to an especially efficient use of energy required for drying, a drier for drying items to be dried, comprising a receptacle for the items to be dried, an air guide for guiding air to the receptacle and a heating device for heating the air is designed and further developed in such a way that the receptacle comprises a plurality of modules (1, 2, 3, 4), arranged one behind the other, for heating, drying or cooling the items to be dried, and that at least one module (1, 2, 3, 4) is associated with a conveying device (5) for conveying the items to be dried from this module (1, 2, 3) or any module (1, 2, 3) to the next module (2, 3, 4).

Abstract: A method for correcting the processing path of a robot-guided tool for processing at least one component, wherein: a target position for a plurality of points of a target processing path is specified; from the specified points, points to be corrected are selected; the actual position for the selected points to be corrected is measured or detected on at least one component to be processed; and the processing path corresponding to the measured or detected actual position of the points of the component to be processed is correspondingly corrected. The method is suitable, for example, for welding a component into a borehole using a laser beam, wherein the processing path of the laser beam is corrected so as to correspond to the contour of the component.

Abstract: With respect to an especially efficient use of energy required for drying, a drier for drying items to be dried, comprising a receptacle for the items to be dried, an air guide for guiding air to the receptacle and a heating device for heating the air is designed and further developed in such a way that the receptacle comprises a plurality of modules (1, 2, 3, 4), arranged one behind the other, for heating, drying or cooling the items to be dried, and that at least one module (1, 2, 3, 4) is associated with a conveying device (5) for conveying the items to be dried from this module (1, 2, 3) or any module (1, 2, 3) to the next module (2, 3, 4).

Abstract: A method for correcting the processing path of a robot-guided tool for processing at least one component, wherein: a target position for a plurality of points of a target processing path is specified; from the specified points, points to be corrected are selected; the actual position for the selected points to be corrected is measured or detected on at least one component to be processed; and the processing path corresponding to the measured or detected actual position of the points of the component to be processed is correspondingly corrected. The method is suitable, for example, for welding a component into a borehole using a laser beam, wherein the processing path of the laser beam is corrected so as to correspond to the contour of the component.

Abstract: A separating device for process chambers arranged one after the other in a vacuum coating installation for coating two-dimensional substrates comprises a separating element which can be fitted between two process chambers transversely in relation to the transporting direction of the substrates. The element comprises a passage for the substrate that is arranged in the region of the transporting plane of the substrate and formed by at least one through-opening provided in the separating element, and includes at least one closure, optionally closing or opening the passage. An intermediate chamber formed by intermediate chamber outer walls is also provided and the separating element is arranged inside the intermediate chamber and the intermediate chamber is subdivided into two intermediate chamber segments. In this configuration, the separating device forms a chamber of its own, arranged between two neighboring process chambers.

Abstract: In a transfer chamber having a housing with a transfer region and a passing band region, a transport device comprising a first arrangement of transport rollers is arranged in the transfer region of the housing, and a passing band comprising a second arrangement of transport rollers is arranged in the passing band region of the housing. The passing band region of the housing is subdivided by a horizontal wall, which is arranged above the passing band, into a transport space, which is located below the horizontal wall, and a pump space, which is located above the horizontal wall. The pump space has a vacuum port or a vacuum pump connected to it.

Abstract: A measuring device for measuring optical properties of transparent substrates includes a light transmitter and/or light receiver comprising a hollow cylinder having a highly reflective and diffusely dispersive inner surface. The light transmitter comprises a light source arranged in its interior and a light exit opening at a distance from the light source. The light receiver has a light sensor instead of the light source, at a distance from a light entrance opening. The light source and light sensor are arranged at such a distance from the light exit opening and light entrance opening respectively, given a corresponding direction of propagation of the light, that light emitted by the light source or received by the light sensor and multiply reflected in the hollow cylinder emerges as diffuse light from the light exit opening or is incident on the light sensor.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for introduction and/or removal of a substrate into and/or from a process chamber of a vacuum coating unit that includes a process region adjoined by a lock chamber separable from surrounding atmosphere and from the process region by vacuum-tight lock gates. The process region encompasses a process chamber and a transfer chamber for altering transport speed. A vacuum-tight gate on the inlet side of a lock system is opened, the substrate is transported into the lock system and the gate is closed. Pressure in the lock system is subsequently matched to pressure in a subsequent space. An outlet-side gate of the lock system is opened and the substrate is transported from the lock system. The lock system includes a lock chamber and the adjoining transfer chamber. A passage between the transfer chamber and lock chamber remains open during introduction or removal of the substrate.

Abstract: A separating device for process chambers arranged one after the other in a vacuum coating installation for coating two-dimensional substrates comprises a separating element which can be fitted between two process chambers transversely in relation to the transporting direction of the substrates. The element comprises a passage for the substrate that is arranged in the region of the transporting plane of the substrate and formed by at least one through-opening provided in the separating element, and includes at least one closure, optionally closing or opening the passage. An intermediate chamber formed by intermediate chamber outer walls is also provided and the separating element is arranged inside the intermediate chamber and the intermediate chamber is subdivided into two intermediate chamber segments. In this configuration, the separating device forms a chamber of its own, arranged between two neighbouring process chambers.

Abstract: In a transfer chamber having a housing with a transfer region and a passing band region, a transport device comprising a first arrangement of transport rollers is arranged in the transfer region of the housing, and a passing band comprising a second arrangement of transport rollers is arranged in the passing band region of the housing. The passing band region of the housing is subdivided by a horizontal wall, which is arranged above the passing band, into a transport space, which is located below the horizontal wall, and a pump space, which is located above the horizontal wall. The pump space has a vacuum port or a vacuum pump connected to it.

Abstract: A transport device is particularly suitable for use in a vacuum chamber for the transportation of a flat substrate through the vacuum chamber and comprises a belt conveyor with at least one flexible infinite belt guided around at least two deflection rollers, whereby at least one deflection roller can be driven, and further including a filling element positioned for filling at least the space contained by the infinite belt or belts. The air volume enclosed by the transport device is significantly reduced in comparison to conventional solutions by incorporating the filling element in the transport element. As a result, the volume to be evacuated from the vacuum chamber is reduced. The vacuum chamber can be evacuated and ventilated more rapidly. Nevertheless, the transport device is constructed so as to be maintenance-friendly. Maintenance work can be carried out easily, because the infinite belts and the deflection rollers are easily accessible.

Abstract: A measuring instrument, in particular for transmission measurement with transparent substrates, comprises a measuring head with a light emitting element for emitting a light beam and a light receiver element for recording an incident light beam, and a retro-reflector for reflection of the emitted light beam. The measuring instrument allows transmission measurements to be carried out on transparent substrates with only one reflection measuring head. The measuring instrument also allows reflection measurements to be carried out, for example on non-transparent substrates or by tilting the measuring head and covering the retro-reflector. The measuring instrument only requires one measuring head and can therefore be produced more cost-effectively. It does not require calibration, as the retro-reflector also reflects the light in the original direction in the case of oblique incidence and in the event of positional changes caused by process or operational factors (vibrations etc.).

Abstract: A slide valve, especially useful in a coating system for coating substrates in a vacuum, includes a housing formed from housing walls. An opening and a sealing surface surrounding the opening is provided in each of two opposing housing walls, with the openings forming a passage through the housing. At least one closing element with two sealing surfaces, is guided back and forth in a mobile manner crosswise to the passage in the housing between a rest position that releases the openings and a working position that completely overlaps the openings. An actuating force that acts on the closing element when the closing element moves into the working position applies a pressure to the sealing surfaces surrounding the openings of the housing walls, which pressure depends on the level of the actuating force. The coating system contains the slide valve.

Abstract: A transport device is particularly suitable for use in a vacuum chamber for the transportation of a flat substrate through the vacuum chamber and comprises a belt conveyor with at least one flexible infinite belt guided around at least two deflection rollers, whereby at least one deflection roller can be driven, and further including a filling element positioned for filling at least the space contained by the infinite belt or belts. The air volume enclosed by the transport device is significantly reduced in comparison to conventional solutions by incorporating the filling element in the transport element. As a result, the volume to be evacuated from the vacuum chamber is reduced. The vacuum chamber can be evacuated and ventilated more rapidly. Nevertheless, the transport device is constructed so as to be maintenance-friendly. Maintenance work can be carried out easily, because the infinite belts and the deflection rollers are easily accessible.

Abstract: A measuring instrument, in particular for transmission measurement with transparent substrates, comprises a measuring head with a light emitting element for emitting a light beam and a light receiver element for recording an incident light beam, and a retro-reflector for reflection of the emitted light beam. The measuring instrument allows transmission measurements to be carried out on transparent substrates with only one reflection measuring head. The measuring instrument also allows reflection measurements to be carried out, for example on non-transparent substrates or by tilting the measuring head and covering the retro-reflector. The measuring instrument only requires one measuring head and can therefore be produced more cost-effectively. It does not require calibration, as the retro-reflector also reflects the light in the original direction in the case of oblique incidence and in the event of positional changes caused by process or operational factors (vibrations etc.).

Abstract: A coating installation is provided with diaphragms that are convenient to mechanically install and remove. A coating installation, which has a coating chamber delimited by chamber walls, has at least one cooling device arranged on a chamber wall. A bracket in thermal contact with the cooling device, is configured with a bearing surface to receive the diaphragm. The bearing surface may be a horizontal or an inclined surface on which the diagram can be lowered or pressure fitted so that it is in thermal contact with the bracket. In coating installation operation, heat is conducted from the diagram to the cooling device through the bracket.

Abstract: The invention concerns an apparatus for vacuum coating of substrates of various sizes that consists of lock chambers at the entrance and at the exit and several processing chambers arranged one behind the other as well as of a conveying system for the sequential transport of substrates with a certain substrate width through the lock chambers and for their continuous transport through the coating chambers. The lock and processing chambers each have a chamber width that corresponds to the substrate width, and the lock chamber is characterized by a loading area AL having a width b and a length l that indicates the size of substrate that can be accommodated. The object of the apparatus according to the invention is to better utilize the coatable area of each processing chamber so that less coating material is wasted. The object is solved by making the ratio R of width to length R=w/l greater than a minimum ratio Rmin where Rmin =0.95?0.019 AL.

Abstract: A process for preparing polymerizable biaryl derivatives comprises reacting an aromatic comprising a 6-membered ring which bears ester or benzylic OH groups in the 1,4 position with a second aromatic in a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction to give a biaryl and converting the ester or benzylic OH groups into polymerizable groups in one or more steps. The biaryls obtained are suitable for preparing polymers which are used as electroluminescence materials.

Abstract: A process for preparing polymerizable biaryl derivatives comprises reacting an aromatic comprising a 6-membered ring which bears ester or benzylic OH groups in the 1,4 position with a second aromatic in a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction to give a biaryl and converting the ester or benzylic OH groups into polymerizable groups in one or more steps. The biaryls obtained are suitable for preparing polymers which are used as electroluminescence materials.

Abstract: A process for preparing polymerizable biaryl derivatives comprises reacting an aromatic comprising a 6-membered ring which bears ester or benzylic OH groups in the 1,4 position with a second aromatic in a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction to give a biaryl and converting the ester or benzylic OH groups into polymerizable groups in one or more steps. The biaryls obtained are suitable for preparing polymers which are used as electroluminescence materials.