Abstract: A wearable device configured to secure to skin of a user and noninvasively measure body temperature of the user can include first and second pairs of temperature sensors configured to generate one or more signals responsive to detected thermal energy, a thermally conductive element positioned at least partially between the second pair of temperature sensors, and one or more hardware processors configured to receive the one or more signals generated by each of said first and second pairs of temperature sensors and determine one or more body temperature values of the user based on at least comparisons between different ones of the first and second pairs of temperature sensors. In some implementations, the wearable device includes thermally conductive probes for transmitting thermal energy toward ones of the first and second pairs of temperature sensors and a substrate positioned between the probes and the skin.