Abstract: A method of managing multiple power sources for an implantable blood pump includes operating the implantable blood pump with both power from an internal battery, the internal battery being disposed within an implantable controller and in communication with the implantable blood pump, and with transcutaneous energy transfer system (TETS) power in communication with the implantable blood pump, if TETS power is available.

Abstract: In an implanted medical device system, an internal controller, external power transmitter and methods for regulation of TETS power for an implanted medical device system are disclosed. According to one aspect, a method in an external power transmitter of an implanted medical device system includes determining a current in an external coil of the external power transmitter, multiplying the determined current by a supply voltage to determine a power delivered to the external coil, and controlling the power delivered to the external coil by adjusting the current in the external coil.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a transcutaneous energy transfer system (TETS), having an implantable receiving coil in communication with an implantable controller and a hermetically sealed package encased by the implantable receiving coil. The hermetically sealed package including a plurality of tuning capacitors, at least one temperature sensor, scavenging circuitry configured to scavenge power from the plurality of tuning capacitors, and a temperature measuring circuit in communication with the at least one temperature sensor and the scavenging circuitry. The at least one temperature sensor being configured to measure a temperature of the hermetically sealed package and the temperature measuring circuit being configured to transmit the measured temperature to the implantable controller.

Abstract: A capacity of at least one electrochemical cell is monitored. A current fade rate us determined based on the capacity. The current fade rate is compared to at least one previously determined fade rate. A fault counter is adjusted based on the comparison.

Abstract: A method for battery management, the method including determining an amount of charge Qchg delivered to the battery during a portion of a charging cycle. The method can also include measuring state of charge (SoCfull) of the battery subsequent to the charging cycle, and determining an amount of charge Qdsg produced by the battery during a discharging cycle of the battery to a depth of discharge (DoD) threshold. The method can also include measuring state of charge (SoCempty) of the battery subsequent to discharging the battery. The method can include determining total battery capacity based on the values determined in previous operations. Apparatuses and systems for battery management are also described.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing an accurate estimate of remaining runtime of a battery is described. The apparatus comprises a fuel gauge and processing circuitry coupled to the fuel gauge. The processing circuitry can receive an indicator of remaining battery capacity from the fuel gauge. The processing circuitry can calculate remaining battery energy based on the remaining battery capacity and further based on an amount of power expected to be used by a battery load during an expected alarm time. The processing circuitry can calculate remaining runtime based on the remaining battery energy. A method and system are also described.

Abstract: In an implanted medical device system, an internal controller, external power transmitter and methods for monitoring and dynamically managing power in an implanted medical device system are disclosed. According to one aspect, an internal controller is configured to provide power to a motor of an implanted medical device, the power being drawn from at least one of an internal battery and an internal coil, the at least one of the internal battery and the internal coil providing a supplied voltage. The internal controller includes processing circuitry configured to switch to one of the internal battery, the internal coil and a combination of the internal battery and the internal coil, based on a comparison of the supplied voltage to a threshold.

Abstract: A method for battery management, the method including determining whether to perform a capacity update of a battery. The method can also include responsive to determining to perform the capacity update, determining existing depth-of-discharge (DoD) of the battery. The method can also include performing a discharge operation or a charge operation based on whether existing DoD is below a threshold. The method can include performing the capacity update subsequent to the discharge or charge operation. Apparatuses and systems for battery management are also described.

Abstract: In an implanted medical device system, an internal controller, external power transmitter and methods for performing battery conditioning are disclosed. According to one aspect, an internal controller includes processing circuitry configured to cause conditioning of an internal battery of the internal controller responsive to a direction from an external power transmitter in radio communication with the internal controller.

Abstract: An internal controller and an external power transmitter of an implanted medical device system and method therefore are provided. According to one aspect, an external power transmitter as part of a implanted medical device system includes processing circuitry configured to detect a shunting condition of an internal coil of the implanted medical device system, and responsive to detecting a shunting condition, reduce a magnitude of power transmitted to the internal coil.

Abstract: A method of controlling operation of an implantable blood pump includes attempting to restart a stopped implantable blood pump for a predetermined number of attempts with either power from an internal battery of a controller in communication with the implantable blood pump or transcutaneous energy transfer system (TETS) power in communication with the internal battery and the implantable blood pump. Following the predetermined number of attempts, the method includes pausing attempting to restart the implantable blood pump and begin attempting to recharge the internal battery with TETS power.

Abstract: An internal coil interface implantable within the body of a patient and configured to modulate a load on an internal coil, and a method therefore are provided. According to one aspect, processing circuitry of the internal coil interface is configured to predict a time of a first voltage level crossing by a voltage at a terminal of the internal coil for each of a plurality of successive windows each time the capacitance is switched into the modulated load circuit or each time the capacitance is switched out of the modulated load circuit. The process is also configured to adjust the predictions based on whether a previous prediction of a time of a first voltage level crossing for a window was later or earlier than a time at which the first voltage level crossing actually occurred.

Abstract: An internal controller implantable within the body of a patient as part of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) system and a method therefore are provided. According to one aspect, the internal controller includes processing circuitry configured to establish a radio frequency (RF) communication session with a first external power transmitter that responds to the advertisement. The processing circuitry is also configured to determine when a power transmission status of the first external power transmitter does not match a power receipt status of the internal controller, and then terminate the RF communication session with the first external power transmitter and cause the radio interface to broadcast another advertisement.

Abstract: A method of estimating power dissipated by a foreign metallic object in a transcutaneous energy transfer system (TETS) includes estimating power loss between an external coil of the TETS and an implanted coil of the TETS using a transfer function, the transfer function including inputs, the inputs including: a power supplied to the external coil, a power received by the implanted coil, a measured current within the external coil, and a carrier frequency between the external coil and the implanted coil and generating an alert if the estimated power loss between the external coil and the implanted coil exceeds a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A method of managing a speed of implantable blood pump. The implantable blood pump is in communication with an internal battery and a transcutaneous energy transfer system (TETS). The method includes starting the pump at a programmed set speed. The speed of the pump is decreased from the programmed set speed to a minimum set speed if either a capacity of the internal battery is less than a predetermined reserve level and TETS power is unavailable, or there is insufficient TETS power to maintain the programmed set speed. The speed of the pump is progressively decreased from the programmed set speed if there is insufficient power to maintain the programmed set speed.

Abstract: A method of managing multiple power sources for an implantable blood pump includes operating the implantable blood pump with both power from an internal battery, the internal battery being disposed within an implantable controller and in communication with the implantable blood pump, and with transcutaneous energy transfer system (TETS) power in communication with the implantable blood pump, if TETS power is available.

Abstract: A digitally timed complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) rectifier for wireless power transfer in an implanted medical device is provided. According to one aspect, a voltage rectification circuit for a medical device having an internal coil and internal circuitry includes a voltage rectifier comprising a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuit having low-side first type MOS transistors and upper cross-coupled second type MOS transistors. The voltage rectifier may be configured to output a rectified received voltage, each low-side first type MOS transistor being configured with an first type MOS body diode, the low-side first type MOS transistors being enabled by a timing signal to provide conduction through the low-side first type MOS transistors while bypassing conduction through the first type MOS body diode during a time window having a duration determined by voltage level crossings of the received voltage.

Abstract: A system, such as an IMD system, includes a tissue conductance communication (TCC) transmitter configured to generate a beacon signal by generating a carrier signal and modulating a first property of the carrier signal according to a first type of modulation. The TCC transmitter is configured to generate a data signal subsequent to the beacon signal by generating the carrier signal and modulating a second property of the carrier signal different than the first property according to a second type of modulation different than the first type of modulation.

Abstract: A controller implantable within the body of a patient as part of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) system and a method therefore are provided. According to one aspect, the controller includes processing circuitry configured to determine a voltage difference by determining a difference between a first voltage obtained from an internal coil of the controller and a target voltage, and is further configured to encode the voltage difference to produce an encoded voltage difference message. The internal coil is configured to transmit the encoded voltage difference message to a power transmitter to enable closed loop control of power transfer from the power transmitter to the controller to drive the voltage difference toward zero.

Abstract: A system, such as an IMD system, includes a tissue conductance communication (TCC) transmitter configured to generate a beacon signal by generating a carrier signal and modulating a first property of the carrier signal according to a first type of modulation. The TCC transmitter is configured to generate a data signal subsequent to the beacon signal by generating the carrier signal and modulating a second property of the carrier signal different than the first property according to a second type of modulation different than the first type of modulation.