Abstract: Apparatus for removing ammonia from a gas stream includes primary and secondary scrubbers each of which includes a gas inlet, a gas outlet, and a slurry atomizer. The gas inlet of the primary scrubber is operatively connected to a gas stream having ammonia contained therein. A primary slurry feed system operatively connected to the slurry atomizer of the primary scrubber feeds to the slurry atomizer a primary slurry composition of a molybdic acid at a pH level. The gas inlet of the secondary scrubber is operatively connected to the gas outlet of the primary scrubber. A secondary slurry feed system operatively connected to a slurry atomizer of the secondary scrubber feeds to the slurry atomizer a secondary slurry composition of a molybdic acid at pH level. The pH level of the secondary slurry composition is lower than the pH level of the primary slurry composition.

Abstract: Apparatus for removing ammonia from a gas stream includes primary and secondary scrubbers each of which includes a gas inlet, a gas outlet, and a slurry atomizer. The gas inlet of the primary scrubber is operatively connected to a gas stream having ammonia contained therein. A primary slurry feed system operatively connected to the slurry atomizer of the primary scrubber feeds to the slurry atomizer a primary slurry composition of a molybdic acid at a pH level. The gas inlet of the secondary scrubber is operatively connected to the gas outlet of the primary scrubber. A secondary slurry feed system operatively connected to a slurry atomizer of the secondary scrubber feeds to the slurry atomizer a secondary slurry composition of a molybdic acid at pH level. The pH level of the secondary slurry composition is lower than the pH level of the primary slurry composition.

Abstract: A method of removing ammonia from a gas stream may involve the steps of: Providing a primary slurry composition of a molybdic acid at a first pH; providing a secondary slurry composition of a molybdic acid at a second pH, the second pH being numerically lower than the first pH; atomizing the primary slurry composition in the presence of the gas stream to produce a partially processed gas stream, quantities of ammonia in the gas stream combining with the molybdic acid in the primary slurry composition to form a further concentrated primary ammoniated slurry composition; and atomizing the secondary slurry composition in the presence of the partially processed gas stream to produce a processed gas stream, additional quantities of ammonia in the partially processed gas stream combining with the molybdic acid in the secondary slurry composition to form a further concentrated secondary ammoniated slurry composition.

Abstract: A method of removing ammonia from a gas stream may involve the steps of: Providing a primary slurry composition of a molybdic acid at a first pH; providing a secondary slurry composition of a molybdic acid at a second pH, the second pH being numerically lower than the first pH; atomizing the primary slurry composition in the presence of the gas stream to produce a partially processed gas stream, quantities of ammonia in the gas stream combining with the molybdic acid in the primary slurry composition to form a further concentrated primary ammoniated slurry composition; and atomizing the secondary slurry composition in the presence of the partially processed gas stream to produce a processed gas stream, additional quantities of ammonia in the partially processed gas stream combining with the molybdic acid in the secondary slurry composition to form a further concentrated secondary ammoniated slurry composition.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing nano-particles includes a furnace defining a vapor region therein. A precipitation conduit having an inlet end and an outlet end is positioned with respect to the furnace so that the inlet end is open to the vapor region. A quench fluid supply apparatus supplies quench fluid in a gas state and quench fluid in a liquid state. A quench fluid port positioned within the precipitation conduit is fluidically connected to the quench fluid supply apparatus so that an inlet to the quench fluid port receives quench fluid in the gas state and quench fluid in the liquid state. The quench fluid port provides a quench fluid stream to the precipitation conduit to precipitate nano-particles within the precipitation conduit. A product collection apparatus connected to the outlet end of the precipitation conduit collects nano-particles produced within the precipitation conduit.

Abstract: Nano-particle of MoO3. The nano-particle of the present invention has a surface area in the range of 33 to about 68 m2/g as determined by BET. The nano-particle may also have a rod-like non-hollow configuration.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing nano-particles comprises a furnace defining a vapor region therein. A precipitation conduit having an inlet end and an outlet end is positioned with respect to the furnace so that the inlet end is open to the vapor region. A quench fluid port positioned within the precipitation conduit provides a quench fluid stream to the precipitation conduit to precipitate nano-particles within the precipitation conduit. A product collection apparatus connected to the outlet end of the precipitation conduit collects the nano-particles produced within the precipitation conduit.

Abstract: Novel forms of molybdenum metal. Novel forms of molybdenum metal are characterized by a surface area of substantially about 2.1 m2/g to substantially about 4.1 m2/g. Novel forms of molybdenum metal are also characterized by a relatively uniform size.

Abstract: Method for producing nano-particles includes vaporizing a precursor material to produce a vapor, directing the vapor into an isolation chamber, combining a quench fluid in a gaseous state with a quench fluid in a liquid state to form a quench fluid stream, contacting the vapor contained in the isolation chamber with the quench fluid stream thereby cooling the vapor to produce the nano-particles in a carrier stream, and removing the nano-particles from the isolation chamber.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing nano-particles according to the present invention may comprise a furnace defining a vapor region therein. A precipitation conduit having an inlet end and an outlet end is positioned with respect to the furnace so that the inlet end is open to the vapor region. A quench fluid supply apparatus supplies quench fluid in a gas state and quench fluid in a liquid state. A quench fluid port positioned within the precipitation conduit is fluidically connected to the quench fluid supply apparatus so that an inlet to the quench fluid port receives quench fluid in the gas state and quench fluid in the liquid state. The quench fluid port provides a quench fluid stream to the precipitation conduit to precipitate nano-particles within the precipitation conduit. A product collection apparatus connected to the outlet end of the precipitation conduit collects the nano-particles produced within the precipitation conduit.

Abstract: Gaseous fluid production apparatus according to one embodiment of the invention includes a fluid container containing fluid substantially in the liquid state. A first fluid line is connected to the fluid container so that it receives from the fluid container a first fluid stream substantially in the liquid state. A gas generator is also connected to the fluid container so that it receives from the fluid container a second fluid stream substantially in the liquid state. A product discharge manifold is connected to the gas generator and to the first fluid line. A controller means is operatively associated with the first fluid line and the product discharge manifold for controlling at least one parameter of the first fluid stream. A second controller means is operatively associated with the gas generator and the product discharge manifold for controlling at least one parameter of the second fluid stream.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing nano-particles includes a furnace defining a vapor region therein. A precipitation conduit having an inlet end and an outlet end is positioned with respect to the furnace so that the inlet end is open to the vapor region. A quench fluid supply apparatus supplies quench fluid in a gas state and quench fluid in a liquid state. A quench fluid port positioned within the precipitation conduit is fluidically connected to the quench fluid supply apparatus so that an inlet to the quench fluid port receives quench fluid in the gas state and quench fluid in the liquid state. The quench fluid port provides a quench fluid stream to the precipitation conduit to precipitate nano-particles within the precipitation conduit. A product collection apparatus connected to the outlet end of the precipitation conduit collects nano-particles produced within the precipitation conduit.

Abstract: Nano-particle of MoO3. The nano-particle of the present invention has a surface area in the range of 33 to about 68 m2/g as determined by BET. The nano-particle may also have a rod-like non-hollow configuration.

Abstract: Method for producing nano-particles includes vaporizing a precursor material to produce a vapor, directing the vapor into an isolation chamber, combining a quench fluid in a gaseous state with a quench fluid in a liquid state to form a quench fluid stream, contacting the vapor contained in the isolation chamber with the quench fluid stream thereby cooling the vapor to produce the nano-particles in a carrier stream, and removing the nano-particles from the isolation chamber.

Abstract: Molybdenum oxide nano-particles. The nano-particles may be made by vaporizing the precursor material to produce a vapor; directing the vapor into an isolation chamber; contacting the vapor contained in the isolation chamber with a quench fluid stream to precipitate nano-particles; and removing the nano-particles from the isolation chamber.

Abstract: Method for producing nano-particles from a precursor material. One embodiment of the method comprises vaporizing the precursor material to produce a vapor, directing the vapor into an isolation chamber, contacting the vapor contained in the isolation chamber with a quench fluid stream, the quench fluid stream cooling the vapor to produce the nano-particles, and removing the nano-particles from the isolation chamber.

Abstract: Novel forms of molybdenum metal. Novel forms of molybdenum metal are characterized by a surface area of substantially about 2.1 m2/g to substantially about 4.1 m2/g. Novel forms of molybdenum metal are also characterized by a relatively uniform size.

Abstract: Gaseous fluid production apparatus according to one embodiment of the invention includes a fluid container containing fluid substantially in the liquid state. A first fluid line is connected to the fluid container so that it receives from the fluid container a first fluid stream substantially in the liquid state. A gas generator is also connected to the fluid container so that it receives from the fluid container a second fluid stream substantially in the liquid state. A product discharge manifold is connected to the gas generator and to the first fluid line. A controller means is operatively associated with the first fluid line and the product discharge manifold for controlling at least one parameter of the first fluid stream. A second controller means is operatively associated with the gas generator and the product discharge manifold for controlling at least one parameter of the second fluid stream.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing molybdenum metal Apparatus includes a furnace that defines at least two heating zones of substantially equal length, the furnace maintaining each of the two heating zones at temperatures not greater than about 1200° C.; a supply of precursor material; a process tube extending through each of the two heating zones of the furnace, wherein the precursor material is introduced into the process tube and moved through the two heating zones of the furnace; a pressure regulator operatively associated with the process tube to maintain an interior region of the process tube at a substantially constant pressure greater than an ambient pressure; and a supply of process gas operatively associated with the process tube, whereby the process gas is introduced into the process tube such that the process gas reacts with the precursor material within the furnace to form the molybdenum metal.

Abstract: Gaseous fluid production apparatus according to one embodiment of the invention includes a fluid container containing fluid in substantially the liquid state. A first fluid line is connected to the fluid container so that it receives from the fluid container a first fluid stream substantially in the liquid state. A gas generator is also connected to the fluid container so that it receives from the fluid container a second fluid stream substantially in the liquid state. A product discharge manifold is connected to the gas generator and to the first fluid line. A control means is operatively associated with the first fluid line and the product discharge manifold for controlling at least one parameter of the first fluid stream. A second control means is operatively associated with the gas generator and the product discharge manifold for controlling at least one parameter of the second fluid stream.