Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a coated body, with a substrate and a coating arranged on the substrate, which coating comprises at least one base layer applied to the substrate and at least one metal carbide-containing layer arranged over the base layer, which layers are applied by means of magnetron sputtering. Furthermore, the invention relates to a coated body produced according to the method.

Abstract: A method for coating a substrate 11 is disclosed. The method includes at least the following steps: depositing a first base layer 22 comprising a nitride of at least Al and Cr on the substrate 11 by physical vapor deposition at a gradually increasing substrate bias voltage from a first substrate bias voltage to a second substrate bias voltage; depositing a second base layer 23 comprising a nitride of at least Al and Cr on the first base layer 22 by physical vapor deposition at a constant substrate bias voltage that is greater or equal to the second substrate bias voltage; and depositing an outermost indicator layer 24 on the second base layer 23, wherein the outermost indicator layer 24 comprises a nitride of Si and Me, wherein Me is at least one of Ti, Zr, Hf, and Cr, wherein the outermost indicator layer 24 is deposited by physical vapor deposition at a substrate bias voltage that is less than the constant substrate bias voltage applied during deposition of the second base layer 23.

Abstract: A coating includes a first base layer including a nitride of at least Al and Cr, a second base layer including a nitride of at least Al and Cr overlying the first base layer, and an outermost indicator layer overlying the second base layer. The first base layer has a positive residual compressive stress gradient. The second base layer has substantially constant residual compressive stresses. The outermost indicator layer includes a nitride of Si and Me, wherein Me is at least one of Ti, Zr, Hf, and Cr. The outermost indicator layer has residual compressive stresses that are less than the residual compressive stresses of the second base layer.

Abstract: In one aspect, refractory coatings are described herein having multiple cubic phases. In some embodiments, a coating comprises a refractory layer of TiAlN deposited by PVD adhered to the substrate, the refractory layer comprising a cubic TiAlN phase and a cubic A1N phase, wherein a ratio of intensity in the X-ray diffractogram (XRD) of a (200) reflection of the cubic AlN phase to intensity of a (200) reflection of the cubic TiAlN phase, I(200)/I(200), is at least 0.5.

Abstract: A coating includes a first base layer including a nitride of at least Al and Cr, a second base layer including a nitride of at least Al and Cr overlying the first base layer, and an outermost indicator layer overlying the second base layer. The first base layer has a positive residual compressive stress gradient. The second base layer has substantially constant residual compressive stresses. The outermost indicator layer includes a nitride of Si and Me, wherein Me is at least one of Ti, Zr, Hf, and Cr. The outermost indicator layer has residual compressive stresses that are less than the residual compressive stresses of the second base layer.

Abstract: A coated body has a substrate and a coating applied to the substrate by physical vapor deposition. The coating includes a main layer adjacent to the substrate and a multilayer adjacent to the main layer. The main layer includes a nitride of at least Al and Ti. The multilayer includes alternating layers of an oxide or oxynitride layer and a nitride layer. The oxide or oxynitride layer includes an oxide or oxynitride of at least one of Zr, Hf, and Cr. The nitride layer includes a nitride of at least one of Zr, Hf, and Cr. A metallic interlayer is between the main layer and the multilayer or between the oxide or oxynitride layer and the nitride layer of the multilayer.

Abstract: A coated body having a substrate and a wear-resistant coating applied to the substrate by physical vapor deposition, the coating comprising a main layer applied to the substrate in a thickness of 1 to 10 ?m, wherein said main layer is formed from a nitride of aluminum and at least one other metal from the group consisting of Ti, Cr, Si, Zr and combinations thereof; and a cover layer adjacent to the main layer at a thickness of 0.1 to 5 ?m, wherein the cover layer comprises at least one alternating layer consisting of an oxynitride layer and a nitride layer arranged over the oxynitride layer, wherein the oxynitride layer is formed from an oxynitride of aluminum and optionally further metals from the group consisting of chromium, hafnium, zirconium, yttrium, silicon and combinations thereof, and the nitride layer is formed from a nitride of aluminum and at least one other metal from the group consisting of Ti, Cr, Si, Zr and combinations thereof.

Abstract: In one aspect, nozzles for arc torches are described herein comprising refractory coatings for increasing nozzle operational lifetimes via resistance to weld splatter and the associated accumulation of molten metal deposits. In one aspect, a nozzle for an arc torch comprises a first body including a central bore and an exterior surface. A coating is adhered to the exterior surface by thermal spray, physical vapor deposition (PVD), or chemical vapor deposition (CVD), the coating comprising a refractory layer including one or more metallic elements selected from the group consisting of aluminum, silicon and metallic elements of Groups IIIB-VIIIB of the Periodic Table and one or more non-metallic elements selected from Groups IIIA, IVA, VA, and VIA of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: A coated body having a substrate and a wear-resistant coating applied to the substrate by physical vapor deposition, the coating comprising a main layer applied to the substrate in a thickness of 1 to 10 pm, wherein said main layer is formed from a nitride of aluminum and at least one other metal from the group consisting of Ti, Cr, Si, Zr and combinations thereof; and a cover layer adjacent to the main layer at a thickness of 0.1 to 5 ?m, wherein the cover layer comprises at least one alternating layer consisting of an oxynitride layer and a nitride layer arranged over the oxynitride layer, wherein the oxynitride layer is formed from an oxynitride of aluminum and optionally further metals from the group consisting of chromium, hafnium, zirconium, yttrium, silicon and combinations thereof, and the nitride layer is formed from a nitride of aluminum and at least one other metal from the group consisting of Ti, Cr, Si, Zr and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a coated cutting tool in which a coating with at least one oxide layer is applied to a base layer by means of a PVD method. The method includes voltage-pulsed sputtering of at least one cathode metal selected from the group of aluminum, scandium, yttrium, silicon, zinc, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, chromium, niobium, and tantalum, as well as mixtures and alloys thereof in the presence of a reactive gas; and the depositing of at least one oxide layer formed by converting the reactive gas with the sputtered cathode metal onto the base body. The cathode metal includes at least aluminum. Dinitrogen oxide is used as the reactive gas. The at least one oxide layer is in the form of an oxide, mixed oxide, or oxide mixture of the at least one cathode metal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a coated cutting tool in which a coating with at least one oxide layer is applied to a base layer by means of a PVD method. The method includes voltage-pulsed sputtering of at least one cathode metal selected from the group of aluminum, scandium, yttrium, silicon, zinc, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, chromium, niobium, and tantalum, as well as mixtures and alloys thereof in the presence of a reactive gas; and the depositing of at least one oxide layer formed by converting the reactive gas with the sputtered cathode metal onto the base body. The cathode metal includes at least aluminum. Dinitrogen oxide is used as the reactive gas. The at least one oxide layer is in the form of an oxide, mixed oxide, or oxide mixture of the at least one cathode metal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tool having at least one layer of TixAl1-xN, where 0.2?x?0.8, which is composed of a plurality of laminar plies to give an overall layer thickness of 0.01 ?m to 3 ?m and which has crystallites having a size of ?10 nm. To produce such a layer, by magnetron sputtering in an N2 atmosphere, Ti and Al are respectively released from separately arranged cathode targets, wherein the tool is moved past the cathode repeatedly at a speed which is such that in each case only a nanocrystalline layer forms upon this movement.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tool having at least one layer of TixAl1-xN, where 0.2 ?x?0.8, which is composed of a plurality of laminar plies to give an overall layer thickness of 0.01 ?m to 3 ?m and which has crystallites having a size of ?10 nm. To produce such a layer, by magnetron sputtering in an N2 atmosphere, Ti and Al are respectively released from separately arranged cathode targets, wherein the tool is moved past the cathode repeatedly at a speed which is such that in each case only a nanocrystalline layer forms upon this movement.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the thermochemical cleaning and/or stripping of turbine components, in particular engine components, with the steps: Production of a first gaseous mixture containing HF and H2 in which the part by volume of HF in the mixture of HF and H2 is in the range of 2.5 to 45% by volume, and application of the first gaseous mixture containing HF and H2 on and/or in a turbine component for cleaning and/or stripping this turbine component.

Abstract: A coating, in particular for gas turbine components produced of a superalloy, is disclosed. The coating has an outer layer and an inner layer. The outer layer constitutes 10% to 60% of the overall coating and is substantially made of a ?-NiAl phase having an Al proportion between 23 and 35 percent by weight. The inner layer constitutes 90% to 40% of the overall coating and is substantially made of a ?-NiAl phase having an Al proportion of a maximum of 15 percent by weight.

Abstract: A method produces a three-dimensional macro-molecular structure on a substrate in a vacuum. In this method, a solution of a solvent and a macro-molecular species is provided. The solution is ionized to provide ionized molecules of the solvent and molecules of the macro-molecular species. The ionized molecules of the solvent have a first electrical charge and the molecules of the macro-molecular species have a second electrical charge equivalent to the first electrical charge. As such, the ionized molecules of the solvent and the molecules of the macro-molecular species naturally repel each other. The molecules of the macro-molecular species are deposited on the substrate in the vacuum to produce the three-dimensional macro-molecular structure.

Abstract: A method produces a three-dimensional macro-molecular structure on a substrate in a vacuum. In this method, a solution of a solvent and a macro-molecular species is provided. The solution is ionized to provide ionized molecules of the solvent and molecules of the macro-molecular species. The ionized molecules of the solvent have a first electrical charge and the molecules of the macro-molecular species have a second electrical charge equivalent to the first electrical charge. As such, the ionized molecules of the solvent and the molecules of the macro-molecular species naturally repel each other. The molecules of the macro-molecular species are deposited on the substrate in the vacuum to produce the three-dimensional macro-molecular structure.