Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for entraining in an airflow a medicament powder contained in a cavity having a cavity opening. Large airflow vortices are provided, for instance, by use of an obstacle in a flow passage, The airflow with large vortices is arranged to by-pass the cavity opening, thereby generating an eddy in the cavity which contributes to entraining the powder in said airflow. The present disclosure also relates to a medical dispenser, for instance an inhaler, in which the method may be performed.

Abstract: A device for inhalation of at least one air stream carrying a dose of medicament powder having a powder-containing cavity which opens into a flow passage. The flow passage is arranged to direct an inhalation air flow across the cavity opening. A circulating flow is thereby induced in the cavity by the phenomenon of shear driven cavity flow. Powder is entrained in the circulating flow and deaggregated before exiting the cavity and becoming entrained in the flow of air along the flow passage.

Abstract: A device for inhalation of at least one air stream carrying a dose of medicament powder. The device comprises a powder-containing cavity which opens into a flow passage. The flow passage is arranged to direct an inhalation air flow across the cavity opening. A circulating flow is thereby induced in the cavity by the phenomenon of shear driven cavity flow. Powder is entrained in the circulating flow and deaggregated before exiting the cavity and becoming entrained in the flow of air along the flow passage.

Abstract: A device for inhalation of at least one air stream carrying a dose of medicament powder. The device comprises a powder-containing cavity which opens into a flow passage. The flow passage is arranged to direct an inhalation air flow across the cavity opening. A circulating flow is thereby induced in the cavity by the phenomenon of shear driven cavity flow. Powder is entrained in the circulating flow and deaggregated before exiting the cavity and becoming entrained in the flow of air along the flow passage.

Abstract: A device for inhalation of at least one air stream carrying a dose of medicament powder is provided. The device includes a flow passage passing a powder-containing cavity. A part of said flow passage propagates along a generally flat surface region. The flat surface region includes a cavity opening into said powder-containing cavity. The passing of an air stream along said flat surface region and outside said cavity generates an eddy in the cavity and the generated eddy contributes to deaggregation of the powder in said cavity and emptying of the powder from said cavity. Furthermore, a shear driven cavity principle is used in conjunction with such a device and a method of releasing medicament powder.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a device for inhalation of at least one air stream carrying a dose of medicament powder. The device comprises a powder-containing cavity which opens into a flow passage. The flow passage is arranged to direct an inhalation air flow across the cavity opening. A circulating flow is thereby induced in the cavity by the phenomenon of shear driven cavity flow. Powder is entrained in the circulating flow and deaggregated before exiting the cavity and becoming entrained in the flow of air along the flow passage.

Abstract: A device for inhalation of at least one air stream carrying a dose of medicament powder is provided. The device includes a flow passage passing a powder-containing cavity. A part of said flow passage propagates along a generally flat surface region. The flat surface region includes a cavity opening into said powder-containing cavity. The passing of an air stream along said flat surface region and outside said cavity generates an eddy in the cavity and the generated eddy contributes to deaggregation of the powder in said cavity and emptying of the powder from said cavity. Furthermore, a shear driven cavity principle is used in conjunction with such a device and a method of releasing medicament powder.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a device for inhalation of at least one air stream carrying a dose of medicament powder. The device comprises a flow passage passing a powder-containing cavity. A part of said flow passage propagates along a generally flat surface region. The flat surface region comprises a cavity opening into said powder-containing cavity. The passing of an air stream along said flat surface region and outside said cavity generates an eddy in the cavity and the generated eddy contributes to deaggregation of the powder in said cavity and emptying of the powder from said cavity. Furthermore, the present disclosure relates to the use of a shear driven cavity principle on such a device and a method of releasing medicament powder.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for entraining in an airflow a medicament powder contained in a cavity having a cavity opening. Large airflow vortices are provided, for instance, by means of an obstacle in a flow passage. The airflow with large vortices is arranged to by-pass the cavity opening, thereby generating an eddy in the cavity which contributes to entraining the powder in said airflow. The invention also relates to a medical dispenser, for instance an inhaler, in which said method may be performed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a device for inhalation of at least one air stream carrying a dose of medicament powder. The device comprises a flow passage passing a powder-containing cavity. A part of said flow passage propagates along a generally flat surface region. The flat surface region comprises a cavity opening into said powder- containing cavity. The passing of an air stream along said flat surface region and outside said cavity generates an eddy in the cavity and the generated eddy contributes to deaggregation of the powder in said cavity and emptying of the powder from said cavity. Furthermore, the present disclosure relates to the use of a shear driven cavity principle on such a device and a method of releasing medicament powder.

Abstract: A device for inhalation of at least one air stream carrying a dose of medicament powder. The device comprises a powder-containing cavity which opens into a flow passage. The flow passage is arranged to direct an inhalation air flow across the cavity opening. A circulating flow is thereby induced in the cavity by the phenomenon of shear driven cavity flow. Powder is entrained in the circulating flow and deaggregated before exiting the cavity and becoming entrained in the flow of air along the flow passage.

Abstract: A method in an internal combustion engine for controlling a fuel injector of the unit injector type which includes a plunger that is driven by a rotating camshaft and during a working stroke generates a hydraulic pressure increase in the fuel. Pressure build-up is regulated by a spill valve the injection sequence is regulated by a needle control valve. The spill valve and the needle control valve are regulated in such a way that additional plunger retardation force is produced in a part of a working stroke in addition to the normal retardation force that is produced by the plunger return spring and the flow resistance in the injector.

Abstract: A method in an internal combustion engine for controlling a fuel injector of the unit injector type which includes a plunger that is driven by a rotating camshaft and during a working stroke generates a hydraulic pressure increase in the fuel. Pressure build-up is regulated by a spill valve the injection sequence is regulated by a needle control valve. The spill valve and the needle control valve are regulated in such a way that additional plunger retardation force is produced in a part of a working stroke in addition to the normal retardation force that is produced by the plunger return spring and the flow resistance in the injector.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for providing an internal combustion engine which for each cylinder, with the associated piston, has at least one inlet valve and at least one exhaust valve (10) for controlling the connection between the combustion chamber in the cylinder and an intake system and an exhaust system, respectively. A rotatable camshaft (18) with a cam (22) is designed to interact with a first cam follower (17) and a second cam follower (20) in order to switch between two different operating modes. The cam followers are mounted on a pivotal rocker arm (13), the second cam follower (20) being hydraulically adjustable between two positions by means of a piston (21) located in a hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic cylinder is connected to a hydraulic fluid source via a hydraulic fluid duct and the piston can be moved from one position to the other by the action of a quantity of hydraulic fluid delivered to the hydraulic cylinder.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for providing an internal combustion engine which for each cylinder, with the associated piston, has at least one inlet valve and at least one exhaust valve (10) for controlling the connection between the combustion chamber in the cylinder and an intake system and an exhaust system, respectively. A rotatable camshaft (18) with a cam (22) is designed to interact with a first cam follower (17) and a second cam follower (20) in order to switch between two different operating modes. The cam followers are mounted on a pivotal rocker arm (13), the second cam follower (20) being hydraulically adjustable between two positions by means of a piston (21) located in a hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic cylinder is connected to a hydraulic fluid source via a hydraulic fluid duct and the piston can be moved from one position to the other by the action of a quantity of hydraulic fluid delivered to the hydraulic cylinder.