Abstract: The present invention relates to a laser sensor for self-mixing interferometry. The laser sensor comprises at least one semiconductor laser light source emitting laser radiation and at least one photodetector (6) monitoring the laser radiation of the laser light source. The laser light source is a VECSEL having a gain medium (3) arranged in a layer structure (15) on a front side of a first end mirror (4), said first end mirror (4) forming an external cavity with an external second end mirror (5). The proposed laser sensor provides an increased detection range and can be manufactured in a low-cost production process.

Abstract: A system and method (10) for heating objects (O) during a thermal treatment process in a production line (P) is described. The system (10) comprises a transport system (11), a minor arrangement (201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206) comprising a first mirror surface (21, 21?, 21?) and a second minor surface (22, 22?, 22?) arranged at opposite sides, so that the objects (O) may be transported between the minor surfaces (21, 22, 21?, 22?, 21?, 22?) along the production line and a radiation device (30) comprising a number of lasers for generating light (L).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a laser sensor for self-mixing interferometry. The laser sensor comprises at least one semiconductor laser light source emitting laser radiation and at least one photodetector (6) monitoring the laser radiation of the laser light source. The laser light source is a VECSEL having a gain medium (3) arranged in a layer structure (15) on a front side of a first end mirror (4), said first end mirror (4) forming an external cavity with an external second end mirror (5). The proposed laser sensor provides an increased detection range and can be manufactured in a low-cost production process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a laser sensor for self-mixing interferometry. The laser sensor comprises at least one semiconductor laser light source emitting laser radiation and at least one photodetector (6) monitoring the laser radiation of the laser light source. The laser light source is a VECSEL having a gain medium (3) arranged in a layer structure (15) on a front side of a first end mirror (4), said first end mirror (4) forming an external cavity with an external second end mirror (5). The proposed laser sensor provides an increased detection range and can be manufactured in a low-cost production process.

Abstract: A method 200 of manufacturing a (part of) color ring is provided. The color ring converts a color of light emitted by a light emitter into at least one other color. The method (200) comprising the steps of: i) pressing (102) a first ring body of a first granulated precursor comprising a first luminescent material for converting the color of the light of the light emitter into a first one of the at least one other color, and ii) sintering (104) the first ring body for obtaining a first ceramic ring. The color ring comprises at least a segment of the first ceramic ring.

Abstract: A method 200 of manufacturing a (part of) color ring is provided. The color ring converts a color of light emitted by a light emitter into at least one other color. The method (200) comprising the steps of: i) pressing (102) a first ring body of a first granulated precursor comprising a first luminescent material for converting the color of the light of the light emitter into a first one of the at least one other color, and ii) sintering (104) the first ring body for obtaining a first ceramic ring. The color ring comprises at least a segment of the first ceramic ring.

Abstract: A surface-emitting extended cavity laser with intracavity frequency conversion is provided with at least one surface-emitting laser element with multiple layers to obtain laser light at a fundamental frequency, reflector means, spaced from the laser element to form an external cavity, a frequency conversion device, arranged within the external cavity to generate light at a second frequency and tunable optical band-pass filter means, arranged within the external cavity and detector means, where said optical band-pass filter means are tunable upon a signal, which is obtained by the detector means to enable a frequency control at the fundamental frequency.

Abstract: An optical sensor (600) for detecting the movement of an object relative to the position of the optical sensor (600), using self-mixing interference, is described. The optical sensor (600) comprises a laser (100), a detector (200) and a filter device (500). The filter device (500) suppresses measurement signals generated by means of the detector (200) when movements of the object at a velocity below a defined threshold value cause the measurement signals. The optical sensor (600) may be used in a switch in order to enable selective switching depending on the velocity of the movement of the object.

Abstract: A gas discharge lamp (1) equipped with a gas discharge vessel (2) enclosing a gas filling, said gas filling comprising a chalcogen selected from the group of sulfur, selenium or tellurium or a compound thereof, and with means for igniting and maintaining a gas discharge, comprising an electrode assembly (6-9) disposed in the discharge vessel, the electron-emissive material (9) of the electrode assembly comprising iridium or an alloy of iridium, providing a long-lived, efficient, compact, and high intensity white light source for applications such as general and professional illumination.

Abstract: Methods of driving a gas discharge lamp (1). In a first method, a value of voltage (Ul) across the gas discharge lamp (1) is determined, then a correction function (Kd) representing the dependency of light flux on a discharge arc length (d) is applied to calculate a required lamp power value (Pr) for a target light flux value (Ul). Finally, the gas discharge lamp (1) is operated according to the required lamp power value (Pr). In a second method, a value of voltage (Ul) across the gas discharge lamp (1) and a value of pressure (pl) inside the gas discharge lamp (1) are determined, then a correction function (Kp) representing the dependency of light flux on a discharge arc length (d) is applied to calculate a required lamp pressure value (pr) for a target light flux value by using the lamp voltage value (Ul) and the lamp pressure value (pl). Finally, the gas discharge lamp (1) is operated according to the required lamp pressure value (pr).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an extended cavity semiconductor laser device comprising an array of at least two semiconductor gain elements (20, 21), each of said semiconductor gain elements (20, 21) comprising a layer structure (1) forming a first end mirror (2) and an active medium (3). A coupling component (22) inside of the device combines fundamental laser radiation emitted by said array of semiconductor gain elements (20, 21) to a single combined laser beam (25). A second end mirror (23) reflects at least part of said single combined laser beam (23) back to said coupling component (22) to form extended cavities with the first end mirrors (2). Due to this coherent coupling of several extended cavity semiconductor lasers a single beam of the fundamental radiation is generated with increased intensity, good beam profile and narrow spectral band width.

Abstract: A system and method (10) for heating objects (O) during a thermal treatment process in a production line (P) is described. The system (10) comprises a transport system (11), a minor arrangement (201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206) comprising a first mirror surface (21, 21?, 21?) and a second minor surface (22, 22?, 22?) arranged at opposite sides, so that the objects (O) may be transported between the minor surfaces (21, 22, 21?, 22?, 21?, 22?) along the production line and a radiation device (30) comprising a number of lasers for generating light (L).

Abstract: A surface-emitting extended cavity laser with intracavity frequency conversion is provided with at least one surface-emitting laser element (1) with multiple layers to obtain laser light at a fundamental frequency, reflector means, spaced from the laser element (1) to form an external cavity (12), a frequency conversion device (3), arranged within the external cavity (12) to generate light at a second frequency and tuneable optical band-pass filter means, arranged within the external cavity (12) and detector means, where said optical band-pass filter means are tuneable upon a signal, which is obtained by the detector means to enable a frequency control at the fundamental frequency.

Abstract: A high-pressure mercury vapor lamp suitable for sterilization purposes. Germanium and oxygen are added in small quantities to the mercury and/or the mercury halides, with a molar ratio of germanium to oxygen being greater than 1. The addition of germanium monoxide increases the GAC efficiency (GAC: short for Germicidal Action Curve) of a high-pressure mercury vapor lamp, because germanium monoxide emits a strong molecular band system in the range from 250 to 280 nm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a laser sensor for self-mixing interferometry. The laser sensor comprises at least one semiconductor laser light source emitting laser radiation and at least one photodetector (6) monitoring the laser radiation of the laser light source. The laser light source is a VECSEL having a gain medium (3) arranged in a layer structure (15) on a front side of a first end mirror (4), said first end mirror (4) forming an external cavity with an external second end mirror (5). The proposed laser sensor provides an increased detection range and can be manufactured in a low-cost production process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-pressure mercury vapor lamp suitable for sterilization purposes. The high-pressure mercury vapor lamp according to the invention is remarkable in that germanium and oxygen are added in small quantities to the mercury and/or the mercury halides. The addition of germanium monoxide furthermore surprisingly increases the GAC efficiency (GAC: short for Germicidal Action Curve) of a high-pressure mercury vapor lamp, because germanium monoxide emits a strong molecular band system in the range from 250 to 280 nm. The germicidal action of the high-pressure mercury vapor lamp according to the invention is thus increased with respect to that of conventional highpressure mercury vapor lamps. This is apparent from the fact that the GAC-weighted radiant flux is greater than before in the high-pressure mercury vapor lamp according to the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-pressure gas-discharge lamp, having at least one gastight fused press-seal between a glasslike material and molybdenum, wherein the molybdenum in the fused press-seal is at least partly exposed to an oxidizing environment and at least that part of the molybdenum that is exposed to the oxidizing environment is covered with a coating, and the coating comprises at least one oxide from among Fe2O3, Ta2O5, Nb2O5, Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, HfO2, and/or one nitride from among TiN, ZrN, HfN, AlN, BN, and/or one carbide from among TiC, ZrC, HfC, VC, NbC, TaC, B4C.

Abstract: A low-pressure gas discharge lamp provided with a gas discharge vessel comprising a gas filling with a discharge-maintaining composition comprising a discharge maintaining compound selected from the group formed by the compounds of aluminum, gallium, indium and thallium, an additive selected from the group of elemental zinc, cadmium and mercury and a buffer gas, which low-pressure gas discharge lamp is further provided with means for generating and maintaining a low-pressure gas discharge.

Abstract: A high-pressure metal halide discharge lamp which comprises, as filling, only zinc, a halogen and a noble gas. In order to improve the color rendering index, a calcium halide may be added to the lamp filling. The coupling-in of energy preferably takes place without electrodes in the radio-frequency range or in the microwave range, but may also be carried out by means of metal electrodes.

Abstract: A low-pressure gas discharge lamp includes a gas discharge vessel containing an inert gas filling as a buffer gas, and electrodes for generating and maintaining a low-pressure gas discharge. The lamp contains at least one tin halide.