Abstract: To remove solid particles such as soot, aerosols, and the like, from the exhaust gas of an internal combustion (IC) engine, for example a Diesel engine, the solid particles and aerosols are first charged in an electrostatic field which is generated between a solid surface (2), preferably cylindrical, and pointed discharge elements, typically electrostatic spray disks (3). The solid particles will adhere together, and to the surface, to form--with respect to the original dust and soot particles and aerosols, large area flakes and agglomerates which are carried along by the gas flow, and are then separated out in a mechanical separator (7, 15, ).

Abstract: A fuel injection apparatus is proposed for internal combustion engines with distributor and apportionment valves, which serves to apportion a quantity of fuel proportional to the induced air quantity. The distributor and apportionment valves of the fuel injection apparatus comprise a slide valve which is displaceable opposite a slotted bushing fixed in the valve housing and equipped with slots, in order to effect the variation of the current flow area of the apportionment valves. A control sleeve is interposed between the slotted bushing and the control slide and includes a portion which partially covers the control slots in the bushing to provide for fine control of the control slots in the bushing.

Abstract: An apparatus is described for the removal of solid components from the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines, in particular for the removal of soot components from the exhaust gases of self-igniting combustion engines. Under the influence of electrostatic fields, the solid components are diverted and carried to a fresh-air current flowing toward the intake side of the engine. This recirculation of the solid components may be effected either by means of the recirculation of a partial flow of the exhaust gas which has been enriched with solid components, in which case the solid components are deflected into this partial flow in an electrostatic field, or these solid components may be guided into the fresh-air current aspirated by the engine, in this case with the cooperation of a mechanical transport means and electrostatic bonding forces.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for improving the acceleration behavior of a self-igniting internal combustion engine driven with an exhaust turbocharger by displacing the onset of injection during the acceleration phase toward "early", and a combustion chamber pressure is attained, which at least in part compensates for reduction in engine power caused by sluggishness of the turbocharger and a resultant smaller cylinder charge. Further increase in power is attained by means of an increase in the fuel component made possible by the adjustment of injection onset without exceeding the smoke limit of combustion. Apparatus are furthermore proposed for performing the method according to the invention, in which with the aid of an acceleration signal obtained by hydraulic or electric elements an adjustment toward "early" is effected in a hydraulically functioning injection adjustment device.

Abstract: A fuel control system for an internal combustion engine in which the accelerator pedal is set by the operator and defines an air flow control variable which is applied to a control loop that actuates a servo motor or other suitable rotary means to set the relative position of an air flow control flap within the induction tube. The control loop attempts to maintain the position of the air flow flap in continuous correspondence with the accelerator pedal position. The actuating current for the final control element is used as one input datum for a stored data field. Another input variable to the data field is the actual position of the air flow valve or flap. The data field contains empirically obtained data relating these two variables with the prevailing air flow rate and generates an output signal that is used as the air flow rate signal in a control pulse generator. The control pulse generator also receives other signals related, for example, to temperature, engine speed, etc.

Abstract: A fuel supply mechanism for an internal combustion engine includes a fuel-air mixture generator and an air bypass channel for conducting supplementary air to the mixture prior to delivery to the cylinders. The bypass channel has a valve which is coupled to the main throttle valve in the induction manifold. The coupling may be entirely mechanical or electro-mechanical. In addition, a controller which acts on the basis of engine information changes the degree of coupling between the main throttle and the bypass valve to admit more or less supplementary air, depending on the value of engine variables.

Abstract: The induction tube of an internal combustion engine is provided with a bypass conduit which feeds additional fresh air to the induction tube downstream of the carburetor and the main throttle plate. The flow through the bypass is controlled by a pneumatic control valve which is actuated by selective admission of a mixture of pressures taken from the main induction tube and from ambient sources. The selection takes place on the basis of transducer signals related to engine conditions which are processed by a regulator.

Abstract: The fuel mixture ratio of an internal combustion engine is adjusted by metering out a fuel quantity in relation to the air flow rate through the induction tube. The air flow rate is measured indirectly by monitoring the engine speed (rpm) with an electrical transducer driving a frequency-voltage converter, thus providing a first voltage, while a throttle plate position transducer generates a second voltage. The two voltages are applied to a logical circuit including parallel diodes which selects the lower of the applied signals and presents the resultant voltage as the primary control signal for fuel metering. Various compensating networks may be added to provide additional smoothing and adaptation to the operating characteristics of a particular engine and state of operation. Various fuel metering devices to be used in conjunction with the control circuit are also described.

Abstract: The process and apparatus disclosed herein is concerned with adjusting the composition of a combustible mixture supplied to an internal combustion engine by adding a supplementary quantity of air to the suction tube thereof. As disclosed the supplementary substance quantity is controlled as a dependent function of the fuel fed to the internal combustion engine and the fuel fed is gauged by way of the gas pressure in the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: The induction tube of an internal combustion engine is provided with an air flow measuring device which may be part of a carburetor and with a normal throttle valve, settable arbitrarily from the outside. A bypass channel conducts air around one or both of these elements and contains a flow restricting device. The induction tube further includes an air flow throttling mechanism for establishing a definite pressure drop across the inlet and terminus of the bypass to insure air flow therethrough even at full throttle and low rpm when the engine vacuum is low. The air flow throttling mechanism may be a pivoted baffle plate or a slide which enters the induction tube and partially blocks the air flow therethrough and which is moved by differential pressures in the induction tube. The slide retracts from the induction tube at full throttle and at high engine speed.

Abstract: A process for controlling the operation of an internal combustion engine based on the volumetric efficiency of the engine to define a primary nominal fuel quantity. The process also includes measuring the fluctuations in the volumetric efficiency. In order to operate the engine in a preferred leaned-out condition, a nominal set-point value of the permitted range of fluctuations of the volumetric efficiency is established and the actual measured fluctuations are maintained in that range by changing the fuel metered out to the engine.Various methods for measuring the volumetric efficiency indirectly by pressure measurements in the induction tube are presented.

Abstract: An apparatus including a carburetor having a fixed venturi is utilized for regulating the fuel-air mixture delivered to an internal combustion engine. The apparatus includes at least one orifice defining structure, a fuel chamber and a throttle device. The throttle device is connected to the fuel chamber and to the orifice defining structure and is fuel actuatable for varying the cross-sectional flow area of the orifice in accordance with parameters characterizing the operational behavior of the engine.

Abstract: A fuel supply system for internal combustion engines includes a fuel reservoir adjacent the induction manifold from which fuel is aspirated depending on pressure differences in two separate regions of the manifold.An electric controller reacts to engine rpm and exhaust gas composition signals to actuate electromagnetic valves in the air conduits leading from the manifold to the fuel reservoir. Various valve opening schedules can be performed depending on the desired fuel mixture.

Abstract: A process and related apparatus for regulating the fuel-air mixture delivered to the combustion chambers of an internal combustion engine by the admission of auxiliary air the quantity of which corresponds with the quantity of the aspirated fresh air forms the subject of this invention. An air bypass line is provided for bypassing a venturi constriction disposed in a suction tube upstream of a throttle flap valve. Associated with the air bypass line are a pressure regulating valve, a bypass throttle device and a control circuit including a pair of shut-off valves, or alternatively a three way valve, with an appropriate control for controlling the valves and accordingly the reduced pressure produced by the venturi constriction, which is communicated to the bypass throttle device, or the control pressure of the pressure regulating valve.

Abstract: The induction manifold of an internal combustion engine is provided with an air bypass conduit which has an air flow metering valve which is controlled by the same differential pressure experienced by the air responsive element of the carburetor in the induction tube. The pressure drop across this valve is further influenced by a second air metering valve acting as a pressure control valve, also located in the bypass line downstream of the first metering valve. A regulator responsive to engine conditions controls valves which cause selective admission of different pressures to the actuation chamber of the pressure control valve to regulate the amount of bypassed air.

Abstract: An apparatus for the detoxification of exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine having a fuel metering mechanism, such as a carburetor, which meters out fuel corresponding to the air quantity, is described. An air quantity measuring device is provided which controls the metering mechanism so as to achieve a slightly enriched fuel-air mixture. Thus, the air number (.lambda.) is initially maintained at less than 1, the air number 1 designating a stoichiometric fuel-air mixture. Secondary air is admitted via a secondary air pump, an oxygen sensor being disposed on the exhaust side, until such time an optimum of fuel-air mixture is reached. The secondary air is admitted into the suction tube of the internal combustion engine downstream of the air measuring device.

Abstract: A fuel metering system for an internal combustion engine meters out fuel in dependence on the pressure in a fuel supply container. This pressure is controlled by a valve or valves which provide communication with different regions of the induction tube of the engine. The control valves are electro-magnetic valves under the control of a suitably processed and amplified signal from an exhaust gas measuring probe which determines the concentration of oxygen.

Abstract: A fuel-metering system adapted for attachment to an air-intake suction tube, having a throttle passage therein, of an internal combustion engine having an exhaust for waste gases, which system comprises:A. a fuel reservoir having an airspace above the fuel therein,B. structure for measuring the air pressures in the airspace and the suction tube and for metering fuel amounts to be introduced into given amounts of air flowing through the suction tube, in dependence on the air pressures, andC.