Abstract: In X-ray systems in which a beam of X-rays radiates through an object to be examined and is converted by an image intensifier into a light image, blur occurs in said image due to the image lag of the X-ray system to moving objects. In order to measure the image lag of X-ray systems in a simple, objective and reproducible manner in operating conditions, a rotating disc having a coiled X-ray absorbing pattern is arranged between the X-ray source and the image intensifier. A number of dark lines then travels at a uniform speed over a strip-shaped horizontal part of the picture produced by the image intensifier comprising the centre of the disc. When a video camera is coupled to the image intensifier the image lag of the X-ray system can be determined from the ratio of the amplitudes of the video signal of an image line situated in the said part of the image with a rotating disc and with a stationary disc.

Abstract: A device for generating the audio information of a set of characters in which some characters are intoned or pronounced with a different voice character. The device comprises means for making a distinction between a capital letter and a small letter presented. For a capital letter character, a speech pattern is formed in which the pitch or the voice character is modified, while maintaining their identity, with respect to a speech pattern for a small letter of the same character. The device also comprises means for determining the position of a letter, preferably the last letter, of a word composed of characters presented and for forming a speech pattern for the relevant letter in which the pitch and/or the voice character is modified while the identity is maintained.

Abstract: A device for generating the audio information of a set of characters in which some characters are intoned or pronounced with a different voice character. The device includes means for making a distinction between a capital letter and a small letter presented. For a capital letter character, a speech pattern is formed in which the pitch or the voice character is modified, while maintaining their identity, with respect to a speech pattern for a small letter of the same character. The device also includes means for determining the position of a letter, preferably the last letter, of a word composed of characters presented and for forming a speech pattern for the relevant letter in which the pitch or the voice character is modified while the identity is maintained.