Abstract: In an embodiment, the optoelectronic semiconductor component (1) comprises a semiconductor layer sequence (2) with an active zone (22) for generating a radiation. On an bottom side (20) of the semiconductor layer sequence (2) there is an electrically insulating separation layer (3) with several openings (32). An adhesion-promoting layer (4) is located next to the openings (32) on a side of the separation layer (3) facing away from the semiconductor layer sequence (2). A continuous metallization layer (5) is located on a side of the adhesion-promoting layer (4) facing away from the semiconductor layer sequence (2). The semiconductor layer sequence (2) is electrically contacted in the openings (32) directly by the metallization layer (5). The metallization layer (5) and the openings (32) are spaced from the active zone (22) in the direction perpendicular to the separation layer (3).

Abstract: One concept relates to a method of controlling fuel reforming within an internal combustion engine exhaust line. Fuel injections are controlled using a predicted temperature, the predicted temperature being a temperature that would occur at some point in the future if predetermined assumptions are met. Preferably, the prediction is made using a model that includes terms for hydrocarbon storage and subsequent reaction within the reformer. The method improves reformer temperature control, particularly over periods during which the fuel supply to the reformer is pulsed. The scope of the invention also includes methods wherein a temperature is not specifically predicted, provided the control method takes into account hydrocarbon storage and subsequent reaction.

Abstract: The inventors' concept relates to controlling a power generation system having an exhaust aftertreatment system comprising a fuel reformer and an LNT in series. Over the course of a desulfation, a fuel injection upstream of the fuel reformer is pulsed to create alternating lean and rich phases and control the LNT temperature. The LNT temperature is controlled by manipulating a minimum temperature for the fuel reformer at the end of the lean phase, a length of the lean phase, or a pulse frequency. Preferably, the rich phases end when the fuel reformer reaches a predetermined maximum temperature. The method is effective in regulating the fuel reformer temperature while accurately controlling the LNT temperature.

Abstract: A system for controlling the motion of a spool in a valve includes first and second coils and a spool selectively movable between a first position relative to the first coil and a second position relative to the second coil, wherein the first position and the second position of the spool are controlled according to a motion profile.

Abstract: A fuel reformer is configured in an exhaust line upstream of a LNT. To desulfate the LNT, over a first period, fuel is provided to the exhaust to make the exhaust rich. While producing reformate, the reformer is allowed to heat to a relatively large extent, typically at least about 75° C. Before the reformer overheats, the provision of fuel is reduced and typically stopped entirely for a second period, over which the reformer cools. The heating and cooling periods are repeated to complete the desulfation process.

Abstract: Desulfation methods for an exhaust treatment system having a fuel reformer configured upstream of a LNT. Reductant is injected upstream of the fuel reformer. The reductant reacts within the reformer to generate heat, but the system is configured for some reductant to breakthrough and react in the LNT to generate further heat. This configuration allows the LNT to operate at temperatures higher the than first device and facilitates independent control of the LNT and first device temperatures. An outer loop controls the LNT temperature by issuing instructions to an inner loop that controls the reformer. Typically, the inner loop will pulse the reductant injection rate in order to limit the reformer temperature. The outer loop can pulses the loop on a longer time scale, resulting in two pulse periods. Through timing, a reformate peak from one period is made to overlap a temperature peak from a previous period.

Abstract: One concept of the inventors relates to a system and method in which a particulate filter comprises at least about 40% by weight of an NOx adsorbant. The filter can be used as both an NOx trap and a particulate filter. By constructing the filter elements using a substantial amount of NOx adsorbant, a large volume of NOx adsorbant can be incorporated into the particulate filter, which substantially reduces the volume and expense of an exhaust system that includes both a catalytic diesel particulate filter and an NOx trap having a large quantity of NOx adsorbant. In a preferred embodiment, the filter also oxidizes NO to NO2. In another preferred embodiment, an SCR catalyst is position downstream of the filter elements.

Abstract: The invention relates to a power generation system with a continuously operating fuel reformer. Preferably, the fuel reformer is either off, warming up, or operating with an essentially constant fueling rate. Some of the reformed fuel is intermittently used to regenerate a NOx trap that treats the exhaust of an internal combustion engine. Any reformed fuel not used for other purposes is supplied to a fuel cell. The fuel reformer does not shut down between NOx trap regeneration cycles except when the engine is also shut down. The invention substantially eliminates issues of reformer response time as they relate to NOx trap regeneration.