Abstract: A valve drive for an internal combustion engine, including a gas exchange valve; a first mechanically driven drive mechanism; and a second drive mechanism connected to the gas exchange valve to move same. The first and second drive mechanisms connected via a hydraulic coupling device that has a pressure chamber, which can be relieved of pressure via a valve device and is designed to couple the drive mechanisms by hydraulic pressure and to decouple same in a pressure-relieved state. The valve device has two switch valves fluidically connected to the pressure chamber in parallel and via which the pressure chamber is relieved of pressure in the open state of at least one of the switch valves. The valve drive has a controller that actuates the switch valves in a delayed manner to provide a variable valve stroke of the gas exchange valve during a stroke movement.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine, involving the following steps: determining a target lambda value and measuring an actual lambda value for combustion in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine; establishing, in accordance with the target lambda value and the actual lambda value, a point in time for an intake valve associated with the combustion chamber to open; and opening the intake valve at the established point in time.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine, involving the following steps: determining a target lambda value and measuring an actual lambda value for combustion in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine; establishing, in accordance with the target lambda value and the actual lambda value, a point in time for an intake valve associated with the combustion chamber to open; and opening the intake valve at the established point in time.

Abstract: A valve drive for an internal combustion engine, including a gas exchange valve; a first mechanically driven drive mechanism; and a second drive mechanism connected to the gas exchange valve to move same. The first and second drive mechanisms connected via a hydraulic coupling device that has a pressure chamber, which can be relieved of pressure via a valve device and is designed to couple the drive mechanisms by hydraulic pressure and to decouple same in a pressure-relieved state. The valve device has two switch valves fluidically connected to the pressure chamber in parallel and via which the pressure chamber is relieved of pressure in the open state of at least one of the switch valves. The valve drive has a controller that actuates the switch valves in a delayed manner to provide a variable valve stroke of the gas exchange valve during a stroke movement.

Abstract: Casein compositions for increasing the rate of gastric emptying following ingestion of the composition, increasing the digestibility of a protein composition, or increasing the rate of delivery of amino acids to the blood, or for increasing the blood serum concentration of free leucine in a subject, preferably to substantially the same level as whey protein, the casein being about 10 to about 100% calcium depleted, having a degree of hydrolysis less than about 1% and having an unmodified phosphorylation pattern.

Abstract: A diesel engine, in particular a high-power diesel engine, which has a variable valve train including an adjusting unit for adjusting a valve opening time, a valve lift, a camshaft phase position and/or a valve steering, and a control or regulating unit for controlling the adjusting unit. The control and/or regulating unit includes at least one operational mode provided for starting the engine when the engine is at a low temperature, in which the control and/or regulating unit is provided to adjust the valve opening time, at least during a preliminary phase for at least one inlet valve, which overlaps at least with one compression stroke of an associated cylinder, and to interrupt an injection of fuel at least into the cylinder associated with the inlet valve. The invention also relates to a method for starting such a diesel engine.

Abstract: A diesel engine, in particular a high-power diesel engine, having a variable valve train including an adjusting unit at least for adjusting a cam angle of at least one inlet valve, and a control or regulating unit having at least one operating mode which is for cold starting. The control and/or regulating unit is designed in an operational mode, to adjust the cam angle of the at least one inlet valve to ‘late’ by controlling the adjusting unit.

Abstract: Casein compositions for increasing the rate of gastric emptying following ingestion of the composition, increasing the digestibility of a protein composition, or increasing the rate of delivery of amino acids to the blood, or for increasing the blood serum concentration of free leucine in a subject, preferably to substantially the same level as whey protein, the casein being about 10 to about 100% calcium depleted, having a degree of hydrolysis less than about 1% and having an unmodified phosphorylation pattern.

Abstract: Casein compositions for increasing the rate of gastric emptying following ingestion of the composition, increasing the digestibility of a protein composition, or increasing the rate of delivery of amino acids to the blood, or for increasing the blood serum concentration of free leucine in a subject, preferably to substantially the same level as whey protein, the casein being about 10 to about 100% calcium depleted, having a degree of hydrolysis less than about 1% and having an unmodified phosphorylation pattern.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a hydrolysed casein product comprising tripeptides VPP, IPP and /or LPP, wherein a substrate comprising casein or casein fragments is subjected to enzyme treatment wherein the enzyme is derived from Aspergillus, wherein the enzyme concentration is 2-10 wt. % based on casein and that the enzyme has a high proteolytic activity.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a hydrolysed casein product comprising tripeptides VPP, IPP and/or LPP, wherein a substrate comprising casein or casein fragments is subjected to enzyme treatment wherein the enzyme is derived from Aspergillus, wherein the enzyme concentration is 2-10 wt. % based on casein and that the enzyme has a high proteolytic activity.

Abstract: Food products comprising hydrolysed milk solids, especially tripeptides such as IPP, VPP, LPP are known to lower blood pressure. However they show an undesirable off taste. This can be remedied by the addition of sterol or stanol fatty acid esters to the food products. Preferred food products are emulsions. A further benefit of these products is that they may also reduce blood cholesterol levels.

Abstract: Use of the tripeptide XPP, wherein X= C, M, S, T, or K, and/or salts thereof for the preparation of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and food products comprising the tripeptide XPP.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a hydrolysed casein product comprising tripeptides VPP, IPP and/or LPP, wherein a substrate comprising casein or casein fragments is subjected to enzyme treatment wherein the enzyme is derived from Aspergillus, wherein the enzyme concentration is 2-10 wt. % based on casein and that the enzyme has a high proteolytic activity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fermented milk product comprising an amount of tripeptides VPP and/or IPP expressed as equivalent IPP concentration [IPPeq] of 145 ?M or more comprising 40-600 mmol/kg K+ and/or 30-400 mmol/kg Ca2+ and/or 6-50 mmol/kg Mg2+.

Abstract: Use of the pentapeptide IIAEK, the pentapeptide IPAVF and/or the hexapeptide IPAVFK and salts thereof for the preparation of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor.

Abstract: A Fermented milk product is described having an ACE inhibitory effect of at least 35 U/ml, wherein the milk product is produced from milk fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis. Further a food product is described comprising an amount of 0.003 mg/g protein, or more a peptide or peptide salt having 2-15 amino acids, comprising the peptide sequence Asp-Lys and/or Ile-His-Pro-Phe.

Abstract: A Fermented milk product is described having an ACE inhibitory effect of at least 35 U/ml, wherein the milk product is produced from milk fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis. Further a food product is described comprising an amount of 0.003 mg/g protein, or more a peptide or peptide salt having 2-15 amino acids, comprising the peptide sequence Asp-Lys and/or Ile-His-Pro-Phe.