Abstract: A system for magnetic detection includes a nitrogen vacancy (NV) diamond material comprising a plurality of NV centers, a radio frequency (RF) excitation source configured to provide RF excitation to the NV diamond material, an optical excitation source configured to provide optical excitation to the NV diamond material, an optical detector configured to receive an optical signal emitted by the NV diamond material, and a controller. The optical signal is based on hyperfine states of the NV diamond material. The controller is configured to detect a gradient of the optical signal based on the hyperfine states emitted by the NV diamond material.

Abstract: A system for magnetic detection includes a nitrogen vacancy (NV) diamond material comprising a plurality of NV centers, a magnetic field generator that generates a magnetic field that is applied to the NV diamond material, a radio frequency (RF) excitation source that provides RF excitation to the NV diamond material, an optical excitation source that provides optical excitation to the NV diamond material, an optical detector that receives an optical signal emitted by the NV diamond material, and a controller. The controller is configured to compute a total incident magnetic field at the NV diamond material based on the optical signal emitted by the NV diamond material, and drive the magnetic field generator to generate a compensatory magnetic field, the generated compensatory magnetic field being set to offset a shift in the optical signal emitted by the NV diamond material caused by an external magnetic field.

Abstract: A fluid deionizer includes at least one graphene sheet perforated with apertures dimensioned to allow a flow of fluid and to disallow at least one particular type of ion contained in the flow of fluid. A purge valve is placed in an open position so as to collect the at least one particular type of ion disallowed by the graphene sheet so as to clean off the at least one graphene sheet. Another embodiment provides a deionizer with graphene sheets in cylindrical form. A separation apparatus is also provided in a cross-flow arrangement where a pressurized source directs a medium along a path substantially parallel to at least one sheet of graphene from an inlet to an outlet. The medium flows through the plural perforated apertures while a remaining portion of the medium and the disallowed components in the medium flow out the outlet.

Abstract: A position sensor system includes a position encoder component and a magnetic field sensor. The magnetic field sensor may be a diamond nitrogen vacancy material magnetic field sensor, and may be capable of resolving a magnetic field vector.

Abstract: A condensation inhibiting device includes a condensation inhibiting unit for inhibiting condensation on a first surface, and a thermoelectric generator which powers the condensation inhibiting unit.

Abstract: A system for magnetic detection includes a nitrogen vacancy (NV) diamond material comprising a plurality of NV centers, a radio frequency (RF) excitation source configured to provide RF excitation to the NV diamond material, an optical excitation source configured to provide optical excitation to the NV diamond material, an optical detector configured to receive an optical signal emitted by the NV diamond material, and a controller. The optical signal is based on hyperfine states of the NV diamond material. The controller is configured to detect a gradient of the optical signal based on the hyperfine states emitted by the NV diamond material.

Abstract: A condensation inhibiting layer includes an electrostrictive actuator film, and a treated surface formed on the electrostrictive actuator film and including a plurality of channels.

Abstract: A system for magnetic detection includes a nitrogen vacancy (NV) diamond material comprising a plurality of NV centers, a radio frequency (RF) excitation source configured to provide RF excitation to the NV diamond material, an optical excitation source configured to provide optical excitation to the NV diamond material, an optical detector configured to receive an optical signal emitted by the NV diamond material, and a controller. The optical signal is based on hyperfine states of the NV diamond material. The controller is configured to detect a gradient of the optical signal based on the hyperfine states emitted by the NV diamond material.

Abstract: A method for providing a miniature vector magnetometer includes embedding a micron-sized diamond nitrogen-vacancy (DNV) crystal into a bonding material. The bonding material including the embedded micron-sized DNV crystal is cured to form a micro-DNV sensor. A micro-DNV assembly is formed by integrating the micro-DNV sensor with a micro-radio-frequency (RF) source, a micron-sized light source, a reference bias magnet, and one or more micro-photo detectors. The micro-DNV assembly is operable to perform vector magnetometry when positioned in an external magnetic field.

Abstract: Two-dimensional materials, particularly graphene-based materials, having a plurality of apertures thereon can be formed into enclosures for various substances and introduced to an environment, particularly a biological environment (in vivo or in vitro). One or more selected substances can be released into the environment, one or more selected substances from the environment can enter the enclosure, one or more selected substances from the environment can be prevented from entering the enclosure, one or more selected substances can be retained within the enclosure, or combinations thereof. The enclosure can for example allow a sense-response paradigm to be realized. The enclosure can for example provide immunoisolation for materials, such as living cells, retained therein.

Abstract: Perforated graphene and other perforated two-dimensional materials can be used in hemodialysis membranes and blood filtration membranes for selective removal of components from blood in vivo and ex vivo. The membranes are useful in hemodialysis and hemofiltration techniques to provide improved patient care. Hemodialysis systems can include a hemodialysis membrane formed from perforated graphene or another perforated two-dimensional material disposed upon a porous support structure. Hemofiltration systems can include one or more and preferably two or more blood filtration membrane formed from perforated graphene or another perforated two-dimensional material disposed upon a porous support structure. Methods for performing hemodialysis can involve exposing blood from a patient to a hemodialysis membrane formed from a perforated two-dimensional material. Ex vivo dialysis techniques can be performed similarly.

Abstract: A device for separating a component from a medium includes at least one charging area to apply an electrical charge to the medium which aligns the medium according to a polarity of the electrical charge. At least one screening area is associated with the charging area to separate a component from the aligned medium.

Abstract: Two-dimensional materials, particularly graphene-based materials, having a plurality of apertures thereon can be formed into enclosures for various substances and introduced to an environment, particularly a biological environment (in vivo or in vitro). One or more selected substances can be released into the environment, one or more selected substances from the environment can enter the enclosure, one or more selected substances from the environment can be prevented from entering the enclosure, one or more selected substances can be retained within the enclosure, or combinations thereof. The enclosure can for example allow a sense-response paradigm to be realized. The enclosure can for example provide immunoisolation for materials, such as living cells, retained therein.

Abstract: A molecular separation device includes a chamber having an inlet and an outlet through which flows an aqueous suspension and a porous separation membrane positioned in the chamber substantially orthogonally to the flow of the aqueous suspension. An electrical charging device connects to the separation membrane to apply a periodic electric charge so as to collect components blocked by the porous separation membrane. Related methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: A condensation inhibiting layer includes an electrostrictive actuator film, and a treated surface formed on the electrostrictive actuator film and including a plurality of channels.

Abstract: A molecular separation device includes a chamber having an inlet and an outlet through which flows an aqueous suspension and a porous separation membrane positioned in the chamber substantially orthogonally to the flow of the aqueous suspension. An electrical charging device connects to the separation membrane to apply a periodic electric charge so as to collect components blocked by the porous separation membrane. Related methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of separating an atomically thin material, such as graphene, from a substrate, such as copper, is disclosed. The method provides a composite sheet, such as a graphene-copper sheet, and then applies hypersonic waves to the composite sheet so as to break the bonds therebetween and separate a graphene sheet from the copper substrate. A system to implement the separation is also disclosed.

Abstract: Devices and related methods for arresting and retaining molecules from solution upon the surface of a perforated graphene membrane with plural apertures selected to allow passage of the solutions' solvent while simultaneously arresting desired molecules upon the surface of the membrane. The method continues with arranging the perforated graphene membranes in a sequence of successively smaller plural aperture diameters to arrest and retain successively smaller molecules in series. The dislodging devices include electromagnetic, electromechanical and electrostatic configurations.

Abstract: A molecular separation device includes a chamber having an inlet and an outlet through which flows an aqueous suspension and a porous separation membrane positioned in the chamber substantially orthogonally to the flow of the aqueous suspension. An electrical charging device connects to the separation membrane to apply a periodic electric charge so as to collect components blocked by the porous separation membrane. Related methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for deionization of a solution, the method comprising functionalizing plural apertures of a graphene sheet to repel first ions in the solution from transiting through the functionalized plural apertures. The non-transiting first ions influence second ions in the solution to not transit through the functionalized plural apertures. The graphene sheet is positioned between a solution flow path input and a solution flow path output. Solution enters the solution flow path input and through the functionalized plural apertures of the graphene sheet, resulting in a deionized solution on the solution flow path output side of the graphene sheet and a second solution containing the first ions and second ions on the solution flow path input side of the graphene sheet.