Abstract: A method of making di-TMP includes reacting TMP and a dialkyl carbonate in the presence of a base catalyst in a reaction medium to form an oxetane of TMP in the reaction medium; providing additional TMP and an acid catalyst to the reaction mixture and reacting the oxetane in situ with the additional TMP to produce di-TMP; and recovering di-TMP. The process may be carried out in sequential reaction zones by feeding the reaction medium forward or carried out sequentially in a single reactor. Preferably, one or all of the following conditions are met: (i) said acid catalyst is a strong acid catalyst or (ii) said base catalyst is a strong base catalyst; or (iii) the molar ratio of TMP/dialkyl carbonate employed in the method is greater than 2.5.

Abstract: An improved OXO process with converted waste oil recycle includes: (a) hydroformylating an olefin with synthesis gas in a reactor to produce an OXO product as well as by-product waste oil, the by-product waste oil having a lower or higher boiling temperature than said OXO product; (b) separating OXO product from the by-product waste oil; (c) converting separated waste oil to synthesis gas; and (d) recycling the synthesis gas produced in step (c) to the reactor of step (a).

Abstract: An improved OXO process with converted waste oil recycle includes: (a) hydroformylating an olefin with synthesis gas in a reactor to produce an OXO product as well as by-product waste oil, the by-product waste oil having a lower or higher boiling temperature than said OXO product; (b) separating OXO product from the by-product waste oil; (c) converting separated waste oil to synthesis gas; and (d) recycling the synthesis gas produced in step (c) to the reactor of step (a).

Abstract: An LED semiconductor lighting system that comprises a lighting apparatus for illuminating vehicle interiors and powered by a source of electrical power provided by or on the vehicle. The lighting apparatus comprises a light tube with an interior space and has a plurality of light emitting diodes and current limiting resistors contained within such interior space of the light tube. The illumination intensity of the light emitting diodes is controlled by a dimming module in electrical contact with the LEDs and electrically connected to the vehicle source of power. An alternative embodiment of the lighting apparatus includes a flexible light tube.