Abstract: Disclosed herein is a mixed illumination system including: a first light source; a second light source of different type than the first light source, where the wavelength an output of the second light source does not overlap with the wavelength of an output of the first light source; and a combiner which is configured to combine the output of the first light source and the second light source. The light from the first light source and the second light source are combined within the combiner into a combined beam.

Abstract: A method and system for determining inroute frame timing for a Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) includes receiving an appointment to transmit, on an inroute, at a start of a slot X of a frame number M; establishing, at a VSAT, an arrival time of a super frame numbering packet (SFNP) including a satellite ephemeris vector and a frame number N; calculating, at the VSAT, a timing offset (TRO) to be applied to the arrival time to compensate for a time varying gateway-satellite-terminal propagation delay (THS+TSR); setting a transmit instant as an end of the TRO after the arrival time; adding to the transmit instant a duration of X slots and a duration of (M-N) frames; and transmitting a burst, on the inroute from the VSAT, at the transmit instant. In the method, the calculating is based on computing THS+TSR from the satellite ephemeris vector, a gateway transmits the SFNP and receives the burst in the slot X within the frame number M of the inroute, and N is greater than or equal to M.

Abstract: A method and system for determining inroute frame timing for a Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) includes receiving an appointment to transmit, on an inroute, at a start of a slot X of a frame number M; establishing, at a VSAT, an arrival time of a super frame numbering packet (SFNP) including a satellite ephemeris vector and a frame number N; calculating, at the VSAT, a timing offset (TRO) to be applied to the arrival time to compensate for a time varying gateway-satellite-terminal propagation delay (THS+TSR); setting a transmit instant as an end of the TRO after the arrival time; adding to the transmit instant a duration of X slots and a duration of (M-N) frames; and transmitting a burst, on the inroute from the VSAT, at the transmit instant. In the method, the calculating is based on computing THS+TSR from the satellite ephemeris vector, a gateway transmits the SFNP and receives the burst in the slot X within the frame number M of the inroute, and N is greater than or equal to M.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for dynamically reducing an aperture size to reduce overhead. In some implementations, a server can receive a first transmission from a first terminal through a communication network. The server can determine a timing offset associated with the first terminal based on the first transmission. The server can determine an aperture window size for an aperture window for the first terminal based on the determined timing offset associated with the first terminal. The server can generate allocation data that assigns communication resources to one or more terminals that includes the first terminal, the allocation data being based on the determined aperture window size for the first terminal. The server can communicate with the one or more terminals to indicate the communication resources respectively allocated to the one or more terminals.

Abstract: A method and system for determining inroute frame timing for a Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) includes receiving an appointment to transmit, on an inroute, at a start of a slot X of a frame number M; establishing, at a VSAT, an arrival time of a super frame numbering packet (SFNP) including a satellite ephemeris vector and a frame number N; calculating, at the VSAT, a timing offset (TRO) to be applied to the arrival time to compensate for a time varying gateway-satellite-terminal propagation delay (THS+TSR); setting a transmit instant as an end of the TRO after the arrival time; adding to the transmit instant a duration of X slots and a duration of (M?N) frames; and transmitting a burst, on the inroute from the VSAT, at the transmit instant. In the method, the calculating is based on computing THS+TSR from the satellite ephemeris vector, a gateway transmits the SFNP and receives the burst in the slot X within the frame number M of the inroute, and N is greater than or equal to M.

Abstract: Various arrangements for adaptive modulation of terminal to satellite communications are presented herein. A terminal may access a feedback data structure to perform a lookup based on a power level received as feedback. Based on performing the lookup using the power level in the feedback data structure, the terminal may determine an error correcting code rate to be used. The terminal may transmit one or more data packets to the satellite using the determined error correcting code rate without changing communication channel or requesting permission via the satellite to change the error correcting code rate.

Abstract: A method and system for determining inroute frame timing for a Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) includes receiving an appointment to transmit, on an inroute, at a start of a slot X of a frame number M; establishing, at a VSAT, an arrival time of a super frame numbering packet (SFNP) including a satellite ephemeris vector and a frame number N; calculating, at the VSAT, a timing offset (TRO) to be applied to the arrival time to compensate for a time varying gateway-satellite-terminal propagation delay (THS+TSR); setting a transmit instant as an end of the TRO after the arrival time; adding to the transmit instant a duration of X slots and a duration of (M?N) frames; and transmitting a burst, on the inroute from the VSAT, at the transmit instant. In the method, the calculating is based on computing THS+TSR from the satellite ephemeris vector, a gateway transmits the SFNP and receives the burst in the slot X within the frame number M of the inroute, and N is greater than or equal to M.

Abstract: A system for scheduling prioritized traffic in a scrambled and coded multiple access (SCMA) system multiple terminals and a gateway. Each terminal is configured to receive packets from user devices and place the packets on various input queues. The packets are en-queued onto a plurality of output queues based on priority or service class. The terminal is further configured to detect one or more available SCMA slots within a frame of a communication system, and de-queue packets from the highest priority output queue onto the frame via one or more SCMA bursts. The terminal includes transceiver for transmitting/receiving frames of the communication system to/from the gateway. The terminals autonomously transmit SCMA bursts relative to each other.

Abstract: Various arrangements for adaptive modulation of terminal to satellite communications are presented herein. A terminal may access a feedback data structure to perform a lookup based on a power level received as feedback. Based on performing the lookup using the power level in the feedback data structure, the terminal may determine an error correcting code rate to be used. The terminal may transmit one or more data packets to the satellite using the determined error correcting code rate without changing communication channel or requesting permission via the satellite to change the error correcting code rate.

Abstract: Various arrangements for adaptive modulation of terminal to satellite communications are presented herein. A terminal may access a feedback data structure to perform a lookup based on a power level received as feedback. Based on performing the lookup using the power level in the feedback data structure, the terminal may determine a type of modulation to be used. The terminal may transmit one or more data packets to the satellite using the determined type of modulation without changing communication channel or requesting permission via the satellite to change modulation.

Abstract: Various arrangements for adaptive modulation of terminal to satellite communications are presented herein. A terminal may access a feedback data structure to perform a lookup based on a power level received as feedback. Based on performing the lookup using the power level in the feedback data structure, the terminal may determine a type of modulation to be used. The terminal may transmit one or more data packets to the satellite using the determined type of modulation without changing communication channel or requesting permission via the satellite to change modulation.

Abstract: A terminal device in a first network includes a processor programmed to receive first data indicating a respective first loading of each of a plurality of first level access devices. The processor is further programmed to select a first level access device based at least in part on the first data; and communicate with a second network via the selected first level access device and a selected second level access device. Each of the first level access devices is switchable to communicate with the first terminal via at least a respective one of one or more shared access channels, and each of a plurality second level access devices is switchable to communicatively couple one or more of the plurality of first level access devices with a second network.

Abstract: Systems and methods described herein are directed to techniques for selective TCP spoofing of a TCP connection between a first and a second host based on spoofing resource conditions and characteristics of the hosts involved in the TCP connection. In implementations, spoofing resource conditions may be based on a percentage of available resources in use by each of a TCP spoofer and a TCP spoofer peer. In implementations, characteristics of the hosts may be determined by tracking i) each TCP connection application type seen for each host over a time window; and ii) packet loss conditions of local hosts over a time window.

Abstract: A system and method for association of remote nodes with respective aggregation nodes in a high capacity shared bandwidth communications network, is provided. A gateway receives an association request message from a terminal device, wherein the association request message includes a service signature and service parameters of the terminal device. The gateway determines whether the association request message reflects a valid request based on the service signature. The gateway determines service requirements of the terminal device, based on a correspondence between the service parameters and associated information of a service requirement database of the gateway. The gateway determines whether it is configured for servicing the service requirements of the terminal device. The gateway transmits an association accept message, including one or more association parameters.

Abstract: A system for scheduling prioritized traffic in a scrambled and coded multiple access (SCMA) system multiple terminals and a gateway. Each terminal is configured to receive packets from user devices and place the packets on various input queues. The packets are en-queued onto a plurality of output queues based on priority or service class. The terminal is further configured to detect one or more available SCMA slots within a frame of a communication system, and de-queue packets from the highest priority output queue onto the frame via one or more SCMA bursts. The terminal includes transceiver for transmitting/receiving frames of the communication system to/from the gateway. The terminals autonomously transmit SCMA bursts relative to each other.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dynamically balancing traffic loads in a communications system (such as satellite communications systems), based on a control of collision rates via the real-time control of throughput of channels of the communications system (such as a real time throughput of random access channels in a satellite network). The method and apparatus generates and transmits to remote nodes or terminals an operating probability based on the determined throughput for transmission using the communications channel. Also, the method and apparatus includes receiving by at least one terminal the generated operating probability and determining by the at least one terminal a transmission probability for the communications channel based upon the received operating probability, which can further be adjusted by one or more of a received upper or lower limit of the generated operating probability or a collision rate for the communications channel.

Abstract: A system for scheduling prioritized traffic in a scrambled and coded multiple access (SCMA) system multiple terminals and a gateway. Each terminal is configured to receive packets from user devices and place the packets on various input queues. The packets are en-queued onto a plurality of output queues based on priority or service class. The terminal is further configured to detect one or more available SCMA slots within a frame of a communication system, and de-queue packets from the highest priority output queue onto the frame via one or more SCMA bursts. The terminal includes transceiver for transmitting/receiving frames of the communication system to/from the gateway. The terminals autonomously transmit SCMA bursts on a first channel, and transmit TDMA bursts on a second channel based on assigned timings received from the gateway.

Abstract: An approach is provided for delivering high throughput inroute bandwidth to a terminal in a shared bandwidth satellite communications system. A backlog level of each of a number of remote terminals is monitored, wherein the backlog level of each terminal reflects an amount of data traffic awaiting transmission via an inroute channel of the communications system. When it is determined that the backlog level of one terminal meets a first threshold level, the terminal is assigned to an express priority bandwidth allocation stage. The backlog level of the terminal is monitored while assigned to the express priority stage. When it is determined that the backlog level of the terminal has fallen below a second threshold level, the terminal is removed from the express priority stage. Further, a probability is applied to a qualifying terminal, where the probability controls whether the terminal is assigned to the express priority bandwidth stage.

Abstract: Systems and methods described herein are directed to techniques for selective TCP spoofing of a TCP connection between a first and a second host based on spoofing resource conditions and characteristics of the hosts involved in the TCP connection. In implementations, spoofing resource conditions may be based on a percentage of available resources in use by each of a TCP spoofer and a TCP spoofer peer. In implementations, characteristics of the hosts may be determined by tracking i) each TCP connection application type seen for each host over a time window; and ii) packet loss conditions of local hosts over a time window.

Abstract: A transmitter includes a buffer programmed to queue packets and a computing device having a processor and a data storage medium. The computing device is programmed to generate at least two sub-packets from each of the plurality of packets stored in the queue. For each sub-packet, the computing device is programmed to identify a plurality of transmission opportunities. Each transmission opportunity is associated with one of a plurality of networks. The computing device is further programmed to select among the plurality of transmission opportunities and transmit the sub-packet over the network associated with the selected transmission opportunity.