Abstract: Methods and systems for selecting different anti-aliasing filters to be applied to objects of image data rendered with pixel sub-component precision based on the attributes of the objects of the graphics image. For example, when rendering a character traditional anti-aliasing applied in the direction parallel to the striping of the pixel sub-components is adapted to the unique requirements of different character font sizes such that a large amount of anti-aliasing is applied to large font sizes while a small amount of anti-aliasing is provided for characters at small font sizes. Displaced sampling is utilized to determine the alpha values for a plurality of vertical samples for each RGB pixel sub-component. The selected anti-aliasing filter is applied to the alpha values to determine the luminous intensity values of the RGB pixel sub-components.

Abstract: The blending coefficients (alpha values) of font glyphs undergo alpha correction to compensate for a lack of gamma correction in text rendering processes. The alpha correction includes selecting a set of correction coefficients that correspond to the predetermined gamma value of the display device and computing corrected alpha values from the known alpha values, the foreground colors, and set of correction coefficients. The corrected alpha values can then be used to blend the foreground and background colors of the corresponding display pixels without requiring gamma correction. Accordingly, the alpha correction can be performed by a GPU, which is not configured to perform gamma correction, thereby increasing the speed at which text rendering can occur.

Abstract: Image data processing and image rendering methods and systems whereby images are displayed on display devices having pixels with separately controllable pixel sub-components. Image data, such as data encoded in a three-channel signal, is passed through a low-pass filter to remove frequencies higher than a selected cutoff frequency, which obtain samples from the color components of the signal that map spatially different image regions to individual pixel sub-components. It has been found that color aliasing effects can be significantly reduces at a cutoff frequency somewhat higher than the Nyquist frequency, while enhancing the spatial resolution of the image. The image data is then pass through sampling filters, A generalized set of filters includes nine filters, one for each combination of one color and one pixel sub-component.

Abstract: Prior to searching a multidimensional feature space populated with data objects, each dimension in the feature space is divided into a number of intervals. When a query is received, a single interval that is overlapped by the query is selected from each dimension. A reduced set of data objects is then selected that includes only those data objects that overlap the selected intervals. This reduced set of data objects, rather than the entire set of data objects in the feature space, is then used to determine matches for the query.

Abstract: The blending coefficients (alpha values) of font glyphs undergo alpha correction to compensate for a lack of gamma correction in text rendering processes. The alpha correction includes selecting a set of correction coefficients that correspond to the predetermined gamma value of the display device and computing corrected alpha values from the known alpha values, the foreground colors, and set of correction coefficients. The corrected alpha values can then be used to blend the foreground and background colors of the corresponding display pixels without requiring gamma correction. Accordingly, the alpha correction can be performed by a GPU, which is not configured to perform gamma correction, thereby increasing the speed at which text rendering can occur.

Abstract: Methods and systems for selecting different anti-aliasing filters to be applied to objects of image data rendered with pixel sub-component precision based on the attributes of the objects of the graphics image. For example, when rendering a character traditional anti-aliasing applied in the direction parallel to the striping of the pixel sub-components is adapted to the unique requirements of different character font sizes such that a large amount of anti-aliasing is applied to large font sizes while a small amount of anti-aliasing is provided for characters at small font sizes. Displaced sampling is utilized to determine the alpha values for a plurality of vertical samples for each RGB pixel sub-component. The selected anti-aliasing filter is applied to the alpha values to determine the luminous intensity values of the RGB pixel sub-components.

Abstract: Red-eye detection based on red region detection with eye confirmation initially identifies pixels that correspond to the color of red-eye within an image. A determination is then made as to whether these identified pixels and surrounding areas are part of an eye or not part of an eye. Those identified pixels that are determined to be part of an eye are the detected red-eye regions.

Abstract: An audio processing system and method for classifying speakers in audio data using a discriminatively-trained classifier. In general, the audio processing system inputs audio data containing unknown speakers and outputs frame tags whereby each tag represents an individual speaker. The audio processing system includes a training system for training a discriminatively-trained classifier (such as a time-delay neural network) and a speaker classification system for using the classifier to segment and classify the speakers. The audio processing method includes two phases. A training phase discriminatively trains the classifier on a speaker training set containing known speakers and produces fixed classifier data. A use phase uses the fixed classifier data in the discriminatively-trained classifier to produce anchor model outputs for every frame of speech in the audio data. The anchor model outputs are mapped to frame tags to that all speech corresponding to a single frame tag comes from a single speaker.

Abstract: Prior to searching a multidimensional feature space populated with data objects, each dimension in the feature space is divided into a number of intervals. When a query is received, a single interval that is overlapped by the query is selected from each dimension. A reduced set of data objects is then selected that includes only those data objects that overlap the selected intervals. This reduced set of data objects, rather than the entire set of data objects in the feature space, is then used to determine matches for the query.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for filtering messages—the system includes a seed filter having associated therewith a false positive rate and a false negative rate. A new filter is also provided for filtering the messages, the new filter is evaluated according to the false positive rate and the false negative rate of the seed filter, the data used to determine the false positive rate and the false negative rate of the seed filter are utilized to determine a new false positive rate and a new false negative rate of the new filter as a function of threshold. The new filter is employed in lieu of the seed filter if a threshold exists for the new filter such that the new false positive rate and new false negative rate are together considered better than the false positive and the false negative rate of the seed filter.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for displaying images, e.g., text characters, on display devices which have multiple separately controllable luminance elements per pixel. Multiple alpha values are generated per pixel, e.g., one per pixel sub-component. Filtering is then performed to generate a filtered alpha value for each pixel sub-component. The filtering operation uses as its input multiple alpha values. The alpha values used for the filtering operation may come from neighboring pixels. Accordingly, in the case where character glyphs are combined to form larger images, e.g., text strings, the filtering operation performed on glyph edge pixels depends on the content of a neighboring character glyph. In one embodiment unfiltered alpha values used to represent character glyphs are stored in a glyph cache. To avoid repeated filtering of character glyphs, in another embodiment, character glyphs are padded along their vertical edges, filtered and then stored in the glyph cache.

Abstract: The blending coefficients (alpha values) of font glyphs undergo alpha correction to compensate for a lack of gamma correction in text rendering processes. The alpha correction includes selecting a set of correction coefficients that correspond to the predetermined gamma value of the display device and computing corrected alpha values from the known alpha values, the foreground colors, and set of correction coefficients. The corrected alpha values can then be used to blend the foreground and background colors of the corresponding display pixels without requiring gamma correction. Accordingly, the alpha correction can be performed by a GPU, which is not configured to perform gamma correction, thereby increasing the speed at which text rendering can occur.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for displaying images, e.g., text characters, on display devices which have multiple separately controllable luminance elements per pixel are described. Multiple alpha values are generated per pixel, e.g., one per pixel sub-component. Filtering is then performed to generate a filtered alpha value for each pixel sub-component. The filtering operation uses as its input multiple alpha values, e.g., 5 per pixel. The alpha values used for the filtering operation may come from neighboring pixels. Accordingly, in the case where character glyphs are combined to form larger images, e.g., text strings, the filtering operation performed on glyph edge pixels depends on the content of a neighboring character glyph. In one embodiment unfiltered alpha values used to represent character glyphs are stored in a glyph cache. After caching, the unfiltered alpha values from multiple glyphs are combined and then the filtering operation is performed.

Abstract: A training system for a classifier utilizes both a back-propagation system to iteratively modify parameters of functions which provide raw output indications of desired categories, wherein the parameters are modified based on a weighted decay, and a probability determining system with further parameters that are determined during iterative training. A margin error metric may be combined with weight decay, and a sigmoid is used to calibrate the raw outputs to probability percentages for each category. A method of training such a system involves gathering a training set of inputs and desired corresponding outputs. Classifier parameters are then initialized and an error margin is calculated with respect to the classifier parameters. A weight decay is then used to adjust the parameters.

Abstract: Clustering for purposes of data visualization and making predictions is disclosed. Embodiments of the invention are operable on a number of variables that have a predetermined representation. The variables include input-only variables, output-only variables, and both input-and-output variables. Embodiments of the invention generate a model that has a bottleneck architecture. The model includes a top layer of nodes of at least the input-only variables, one or more middle layer of hidden nodes, and a bottom layer of nodes of the output-only and the input-and-output variables. At least one cluster is determined from this model. The model can be a probabilistic neural network and/or a Bayesian network.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for increasing the perceived quality of displayed images. This is achieved in a variety of ways including the use of a plurality of device specific display characteristics when preparing images for display. It is also achieved through the monitoring of display device and/or ambient light conditions, e.g., on a periodic basis, and using the obtained information when controlling display output. Another approach to improving the perceived quality of displayed images involves the use of information relating to a specific user's ability to perceive image characteristics such as color. By customizing display output to an individual user's own physical perception capabilities and/or viewing characteristics it is possible to enhance the image quality perceived by the individual viewer as compared to embodiments which do not take into consideration individual user characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for increasing the perceived quality of displayed images. This is achieved in a variety of ways including the use of a plurality of device specific display characteristics when preparing images for display. It is also achieved through the monitoring of display device and/or ambient light conditions, e.g., on a periodic basis, and using the obtained information when controlling display output. Another approach to improving the perceived quality of displayed images involves the use of information relating to a specific user's ability to perceive image characteristics such as color. By customizing display output to an individual user's own physical perception capabilities and/or viewing characteristics it is possible to enhance the image quality perceived by the individual viewer as compared to embodiments which do not take into consideration individual user characteristics.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed that facilitate producing probabilistic outputs also referred to as posterior probabilities. The probabilistic outputs include an estimate of classification strength. The present invention intercepts non-probabilistic classifier output and applies a set of kernel models based on a softmax function to derive the desired probabilistic outputs. Such probabilistic outputs can be employed with handwriting recognition where the probability of a handwriting sample classification is combined with language models to make better classification decisions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a large capacity, user defined audio content delivery system. The system delivers uninterrupted music and delivers information content (e.g., news by evaluating and encoding an input audio stream while outputting another stream. Undesirable audio content (e.g., advertisements and unwanted news) are not present in the output audio stream as only desired portions of information content are stored for playback on demand. The invention also includes a user interface that is simple enough to facilitate utilization of the audio system in an automobile and employs standard hardware available in typical computing and/or personal digital assistant equipment. Additionally, the audio system can be portable (e.g., as portable as a personal digital assistant) and can be updated in real time or off line via a personal computer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to systems and/or methods that generate playlist(s) for a library or collection of media items via selecting a plurality of seed items, at least one of which is an undesirable seed item. Some of the seed items are desirable indicating that a user prefers additional media items similar to the desirable seed items and others are undesirable indicating that the user prefers additional media items dissimilar to the undesirable seed items. Additionally, the seed items can be weighted to establish a relative importance of the seed items. The invention compares media items in the collection with the seed items and determines which media items are added into the playlist by computation of similarity metrics or values. The playlist can be regenerated by adding desirable seed items to the playlist and removing media items from the playlist (e.g., undesirable seed items).