Abstract: A chemically strengthened bioactive glass-ceramic composition as defined herein. Also disclosed are methods of making and using the disclosed compositions.

Abstract: Computer-implemented methods and apparatus are provided for predicting/estimating (i) a non-equilibrium viscosity for at least one given time point in a given temperature profile for a given glass composition, (ii) at least one temperature profile that will provide a given non-equilibrium viscosity for a given glass composition, or (iii) at least one glass composition that will provide a given non-equilibrium viscosity for a given time point in a given temperature profile. The methods and apparatus can be used to predict/estimate stress relaxation in a glass article during forming as well as compaction, stress relaxation, and/or thermal sag or thermal creep of a glass article when the article is subjected to one or more post-forming thermal treatments.

Abstract: A chemically strengthened bioactive glass-ceramic composition as defined herein. Also disclosed are methods of making and using the disclosed compositions.

Abstract: Alkali aluminosilicate glasses that are ion exchangeable to high compressive stresses, have fast ion exchange kinetics, and high intrinsic damage resistance. The glasses achieve all of the above desired properties either with only small amounts of P2O5 (<1 mol %) or without addition of any P2O5.

Abstract: Computer-implemented methods and apparatus are provided for predicting/estimating (i) a non-equilibrium viscosity for at least one given time point in a given temperature profile for a given glass composition, (ii) at least one temperature profile that will provide a given non-equilibrium viscosity for a given glass composition, or (iii) at least one glass composition that will provide a given non-equilibrium viscosity for a given time point in a given temperature profile. The methods and apparatus can be used to predict/estimate stress relaxation in a glass article during forming as well as compaction, stress relaxation, and/or thermal sag or thermal creep of a glass article when the article is subjected to one or more post-forming thermal treatments.

Abstract: An aluminoborate composition, an alumino-borosilicate glass composition, or a mixture thereof, and solid or hollow microspheres thereof, as defined herein. Also disclosed are methods of making and using the disclosed compositions, for example, forming microspheres for use in bioactive applications, and composition extracts for use in treating or healing wounds.

Abstract: A glass composition comprises a germanosilicate glass containing 5-35 mol % ZnO. The glass composition has a relatively high refractive index, good glass-forming ability, and UV-shielding properties.

Abstract: A method includes forming a glass article. The glass article includes a core and a clad adjacent to the core. The core includes a first glass composition. The clad includes a second glass composition different than the first glass composition. A degradation rate of the second glass composition in a reagent is greater than a degradation rate of the first glass composition in the reagent.

Abstract: A method of making a glass having antimicrobial properties and high compressive stress. The method includes a first ion exchange step in which potassium cations are exchanged for sodium cations in the base glass to provide a surface layer under compressive stress, followed by a second ion exchange in which silver cations are exchanged for potassium and lithium ions in the glass to produce the antimicrobial glass. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial glass has a maximum compressive stress that is at least 80% of the maximum compressive stress obtained by the potassium-for-sodium exchange in the first bath. A base glass and an ion exchanged glass antimicrobial having antimicrobial properties are also provided.

Abstract: An ion exchangeable glass having a high degree of resistance to damage caused by abrasion, scratching, indentation, and the like. The glass comprises alumina, B2O3, and alkali metal oxides, and contains boron cations having three-fold coordination. The glass, when ion exchanged, has a Vickers crack initiation threshold of at least 10 kilogram force (kgf).

Abstract: A borophosphate glass composition including B2O3, P2O5, and CaO, and optionally a source additive selected from: Li2O, Na2O, K2O, Al2O3, ZnO, MgO, Fe2O3/FeO, CuO/Cu2O, and mixtures thereof, as defined herein. Also disclosed are bioactive compositions or substrates including the disclosed borophosphate glass composition, and at least one live cell. Also disclosed are methods of inhibiting or increasing the relative amount of species containing boron, phosphorous, or both, being released into an aqueous solution from aborophosphate glass composition defined herein. Also disclosed is a method of proliferating cells on a bioactive substrate as defined herein. Also disclosed are related glass compositions that exclude one of B2O3, P2O5, and CaO.

Abstract: An aluminoborate glass composition, including B2O3, Al2O3, P2O5, Na2O, and CaO, as defined herein. Also disclosed are bioactive compositions including the disclosed aluminoborate glass composition, a suitable fluid, and at least one live cell. Also disclosed is method of limiting the amount of boron released into an aqueous solution from a disclosed aluminoborate-containing glass composition as defined herein. Also disclosed is a method of proliferating cells on a bioactive substrate as defined herein.

Abstract: Glass-ceramics and precursor glasses that are crystallizable to glass-ceramics are disclosed. The glass-ceramics of one or more embodiments include rutile, anatase, armalcolite or a combination thereof as the predominant crystalline phase. Such glasses and glass-ceramics may include compositions of, in mole %: SiO2 in the range from about 45 to about 75; Al2O3 in the range from about 4 to about 25; P2O5 in the range from about 0 to about 10; MgO in the range from about 0 to about 8; R2O in the range from about 0 to about 33; ZnO in the range from about 0 to about 8; ZrO2 in the range from about 0 to about 4; B2O3 in the range from about 0 to about 12, and one or more nucleating agents in the range from about 0.5 to about 12. In some glass-ceramic articles, the total crystalline phase includes up to 20% by weight of the glass-ceramic article.

Abstract: An ion exchangeable glass having a high degree of resistance to damage caused by abrasion, scratching, indentation, and the like. The glass comprises alumina, B2O3, and alkali metal oxides, and contains boron cations having three-fold coordination. The glass, when ion exchanged, has a Vickers crack initiation threshold of at least 10 kilogram force (kgf).

Abstract: Glass-ceramics and precursor glasses that are crystallizable to glass-ceramics are disclosed. The glass-ceramics of one or more embodiments include rutile, anatase, armalcolite or a combination thereof as the predominant crystalline phase. Such glasses and glass-ceramics may include compositions of, in mole %: SiO2 in the range from about 45 to about 75; Al2O3 in the range from about 4 to about 25; P2O5 in the range from about 0 to about 10; MgO in the range from about 0 to about 8; R2O in the range from about 0 to about 33; ZnO in the range from about 0 to about 8; ZrO2 in the range from about 0 to about 4; B2O3 in the range from about 0 to about 12, and one or more nucleating agents in the range from about 0.5 to about 12. In some glass-ceramic articles, the total crystalline phase includes up to 20% by weight of the glass-ceramic article.

Abstract: Silicate glasses that are fictivated and fast cooled and have high levels of intrinsic or “native” damage resistance. When ion exchanged, the silicate glasses described herein have a Vickers crack initiation threshold of at least 15 kgf and, in some embodiments, at least about 25 kgf.

Abstract: Borosilicate glasses are disclosed having (in weight %) 66-76% SiO2, 0-8% Al2O3, 10-18% B2O3, 0-4% Li2O, 0-12% Na2O, 0-12% K2O, 1-1.5% Ag, 1.5-2.5% Cl? and 0.01-0.06% of a summed amount of CuO and NiO, wherein the glass composition is bleachable upon exposure to ultraviolet irradiation from a stable state color or shade to a lighter color or shade. Such reverse photochromic borosilicate glass compositions may be thermally darkenable. The borosilicate glasses may be strengthened via ion-exchange strengthening treatment. The borosilicate glasses may retain their reverse photochromic and thermally darkenable properties even after ion-exchange strengthening treatment.

Abstract: Provided herein are glass based articles comprising SiO2, Al2O3, and two or more metal oxides selected from the group consisting of La2O3, BaO, Ta2O5, Y2O3, and HfO2. The glass based articles typically are characterized by a high fracture toughness (e.g., at least 0.86 MPa*m0.5), a high Young's modulus value (e.g., at least 85 GPa) and/or a stress optical coefficient (SOC) of not more than 3 Brewster (e.g., about 1.3 Brewster to about 2 Brewster). Also provided herein are glass based articles comprising SiO2 and two or more of MxOy, wherein M is Ba, La, Ta, Y, Al or Hf; wherein the total amount of SiO2 is the same or substantially the same as that of a reference glass based article comprising two or more binary compositions of MxOy—SiO2, wherein the reference glass based article has the same molar percentage of each MxOy, and the molar ratio of MxOy to SiO2 in each binary composition is 4/(c*x), wherein c is the number of charges of M.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a glass may include from about 50 mol. % to about 70 mol. % SiO2; from about 12 mol. % to about 35 mol. % B2O3; from about 4 mol. % to about 12 mol. % Al2O3; greater than 0 mol. % and less than or equal to 1 mol. % alkali metal oxide, wherein Li2O is greater than or equal to about 20% of the alkali metal oxide; from about 0.3 mol. % to about 0.7 mol. % of Na2O or Li2O; and greater than 0 mol. % and less than 12 mol. % of total divalent oxide, wherein the total divalent oxide includes at least one of CaO, MgO and SrO, and wherein a ratio of Li2O (mol. %) to (Li2O (mol. %)+(Na2O (mol. %)) is greater than or equal 0.4 and less than or equal to 0.6. The glass may have a relatively low high temperature resistivity and a relatively high low temperature resistivity.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods for making a bonded refractory material, the methods comprising preparing a slurry comprising glass precursor particles having an average particle size ranging from about 1 nm to about 200 nm; combining zirconia particles with the slurry to form a batch composition comprising at least about 80% by weight of zirconia; forming a green body from the batch composition; and sintering the green body to form a sintered refractory material. Sintered high-zirconia refractory materials can comprise at least about 80% by weight of zirconia having an average grain size of 100 microns or less, wherein the zirconia is interspersed in a glassy phase, and wherein the sintered refractory materials comprise about 15% or less by weight of the glassy phase. Melting vessels having at least one interior surface comprising such sintered zirconia refractory materials are further disclosed herein.