Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of the invention, a method for manufacturing compounds of the invention and therapeutic uses thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions of 6-amino morphinan compounds and process for their synthesis. In particular, the processes provide for the reductive amination of 6-keto morphinans by catalytic transfer hydrogenation, to produce 6-amino morphinan compounds, which are epimerically and/or diastereomerically enriched.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions of 6-amino morphinan compounds and process for their synthesis. In particular, the processes provide for the reductive amination of 6-keto morphinans by catalytic transfer hydrogenation, to produce 6-amino morphinan compounds, which are epimerically and/or diastereomerically enriched.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for the preparation of 10-keto and/or 10-hydroxy morphinans. In particular, the invention provides to processes for preparing a 10-keto morphinan by chromium-catalyzed benzylic oxidation of a morphinan with a periodic acid.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for the preparation of 10-keto and/or 10-hydroxy morphinans. In particular, the invention provides to processes for preparing a 10-keto morphinan by chromium-catalyzed benzylic oxidation of a morphinan with a periodic acid.

Abstract: The invention is directed to berberine compounds and processes for the preparation of berberine compounds through an intramolecular Bischler-Napieralski cyclization.

Abstract: Electron microscope imparted with measuring functions comprises an electron microscope system for forming an electron-microscopic image, a fluorescent screen for displaying the electron-microscopic image, and an optical microscope for observing the electron-microscopic image on the fluorescent screen. A pattern which provides convenience for measurements of the electron-microscopic image is imaged on an object plane of an eyepiece of the optical microscope.

Abstract: In a micro-fluid exchange apparatus for exchanging fluid with an organ, such as the trachea or a blood vessel of a small animal, such as a rat or a mouse, a hollow needle, such as a syringe needle, is provided for penetrating the fluid conduit of the animal. The syringe needle is coupled to a plenum chamber having an inlet and outlet port. The plenum chamber is coupled to the syringe needle via the intermediary of a standard quick disconnect coupling fitting. The plenum chamber is carried at the end of a drive rod which is coupled to a micrometer drive head. The micrometer drive head is slidably and pivotably coupled to a pedestal for adjusting the height and angle of inclination of the needle relative to a reference base support. The needle is positioned adjacent to the incised trachea or a blood vessel of a small animal and the micrometer drive head is operated for penetrating the fluid conduit of the animal.