Abstract: The present invention provides a blue colored, infrared and ultraviolet absorbing glass composition having a luminous transmittance of up to 60 percent. The glass uses a standard soda-lime-silica glass base composition and additionally iron and cobalt, and optionally selenium and/or titanium, as infrared and ultraviolet radiation absorbing materials and colorants. The glass of the present invention has a color characterized by a dominant wavelength in the range of 480 to 489 nanometers and an excitation purity of at least 8 percent at a thickness of 0.160 inches (4.06 millimeters). In one embodiment of the invention, the glass composition of a blue colored, infrared and ultraviolet radiation absorbing soda-lime-silica glass article includes a solar radiation absorbing and colorant portion consisting essentially of 0.9 to 2.0 percent by weight total iron, 0.15 to 0.65 percent by weight FeO, 90 to 250 PPM CoO, and optionally up to 12 PPM Se and up to 0.9 wt % TiO2, and preferably 1 to 1.

Abstract: The present invention provides a bronze colored, infrared and ultraviolet absorbing glass composition having a luminous transmittance of up to 60 percent. The glass uses a standard soda-lime-silica glass base composition and additionally iron and selenium, and optionally cobalt, as infrared and ultraviolet radiation absorbing materials and colorants. The glass of the present invention has a luminous transmittance (LTA) of up to 60 percent and its color is characterized by a dominant wavelength in the range of 560 to 590 nanometers and an excitation purity of 12 to 75% at a thickness of 0.160 inches (4.06 mm). In one embodiment of the invention, the glass composition of a bronze colored, infrared and ultraviolet radiation absorbing soda-lime-silica glass article includes a colorant portion having 0.7 to 2.2 percent by weight total iron, 0.15 to 0.5 percent by weight FeO, 3 to 100 PPM Se, and optionally up to 200 PPM CoO, and preferably 1.1 to 1.4 percent by weight total iron, 0.24 to 0.

Abstract: The present invention provides a green colored, infrared and ultraviolet absorbing glass article having a luminous transmittance of up to 60 percent. The composition of the glass article uses a standard soda-lime-silica glass base composition and additionally iron, cobalt, selenium, and chromium, and titanium, as infrared and ultraviolet radiation absorbing materials and colorants. The glasses of the present invention have a color characterized by a dominant wavelength in the range of about 480 to 565 nanometers, preferably about 495 to 560 nanometers, with an excitation purity of no higher than about 20 percent, preferably no higher than about 10 percent, and more preferably no higher than about 7 percent. The glass compositions may be provided with different levels of spectral performance depending on the particular application and desired luminous transmittance.

Abstract: The present invention provides a glass composition having a neutral gray color and a luminous (visible) transmittance within a range that allows the glass to be used as privacy glazing in a vehicle. The glass of the present invention has a standard soda-lime-silica flat glass base composition and uses iron, cobalt and selenium, and optionally nickel, as the colorants. It has also been found that a nickel-free, neutral gray colored glass with a luminous transmittance (C.I.E. illuminant A) of up to 40% at a thickness of 3.9 millimeters may be attained by using as colorants: 0.59 to 0.99 wt. % of the total glass Fe2O3 (total iron), no greater than 0.30 wt. % FeO; 60 to 180 PPM CoO and 5 to 30 PPM Se. It has been found that a nickel-bearing, neutral gray colored glass with a luminous transmittance (C.I.E. illuminant A) of up to but less than 40% at a thickness of 3.9 millimeters may be attained by using as colorants: 0.35 to 1.1 wt. % of the total glass Fe2O3 (total iron), no greater than 0.30 wt.

Abstract: The present invention provides a glass composition having a neutral gray color and a luminous (visible) transmittance within a range that allows the glass to be used as privacy glazing in a vehicle. The glass of the present invention has a standard soda-lime-silica flat glass base composition and uses iron, cobalt and selenium, and optionally nickel, as the colorants. It has also been found that a nickel-free, neutral gray colored glass with a luminous transmittance (C.I.E. illuminant A) of up to 40% at a thickness of 3.9 millimeters may be attained by using as colorants: 0.59 to 0.99 wt. % of the total glass Fe2O3 (total iron), no greater than 0.30 wt. % FeO; 60 to 180 PPM CoO and 5 to 30 PPM Se. It has been found that a nickel-bearing, neutral gray colored glass with a luminous transmittance (C.I.E. illuminant A) of up to but less than 40% at a thickness of 3.9 millimeters may be attained by using as colorants: 0.35 to 1.1 wt. % of the total glass Fe2O3 (total iron), no greater than 0.30 wt.

Abstract: The present invention provides a glass composition having a neutral gray color and a luminous (visible) transmittance within a range that allows the glass to be used in the forward vision areas of a vehicle. The base glass is a soda-lime-silica composition and iron, cobalt, selenium and/or nickel are added as colorants. In one particular embodiment of the invention which is essentially nickel-free, a neutral gray colored glass with a luminous transmittance (C.I.E. illuminant A) of 60% and higher at a thickness of 3.9 millimeters may be attained by using as colorants: 0.30 to 0.70 wt. % Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, no greater than 0.21 wt. % FeO, 3-50 PPM CoO and 1-15 PPM Se, and preferably 0.32 to 0.65 wt. % Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0.065 to 0.20 wt. % FeO, 5 to 40 PPM CoO and 1 to 9 PPM Se. In an alternate embodiment of the invention which includes nickel oxide as a colorant, a neutral gray colored glass with a luminous transmittance of 60% and higher at a thickness of 3.9 millimeters may be attained by using 0.15 to 0.65 wt.

Abstract: The present invention provides a green colored, infrared and ultraviolet absorbing glass composition having a luminous transmittance of up to 60 percent. The glass composition uses a standard soda-lime-silica glass base composition and additionally iron, cobalt, chromium, and titanium, as infrared and ultraviolet radiation absorbing materials and colorants. The glass of the present invention has a color characterized by a dominant wavelength in the range of about 480 to 510 nanometers, preferably about 490 to 525 nanometers, with an excitation purity of no higher than about 20%, preferably about 5 to 15%. In one embodiment of the invention, the glass composition of a green colored, infrared and ultraviolet radiation absorbing soda-lime-silica glass article includes a solar radiation absorbing and colorant portion consisting essentially of about 0.90 to 2.0 percent by weight total iron, about 0.17 to 0.52 percent by weight FeO, about 40 to 150 PPM CoO, about 250 to 800 PPM Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, and about 0.

Abstract: A green tinted, ultraviolet absorbing glass is disclosed having a standard soda-lime-silica base glass composition and a colorant portion consisting essentially of on a weight basis: less than 2.0% TiO.sub.2 and greater than 0.6% total iron (expressed as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3) with the ratio of FeO/total iron less than 0.35. The glass exhibits an ultraviolet transmittance no greater than 38 percent (300 to 400 nanometers) and a luminous transmittance (illuminant A) of at least 70 percent at thicknesses ranging from 0.154 to 0.189 inches.

Abstract: The present invention provides a glass composition having a bronze color and a luminous (visible) transmittance of 70% or greater. The base glass is a soda-lime-silica composition and iron and selenium are added as colorants. In one particular embodiment of the invention, a bronze colored glass with a luminous transmittance (C.I.E. illuminant A) of 70% and higher at a thickness of 4.1 millimeters may be attained by using as colorants: 0.4 to 0.6 wt. % Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0.09 to 0.17 wt. % FeO and 3 to 11 PPM Se. In addition, it is preferred that the total solar energy transmittance be no greater than 60%.

Abstract: A neutral, dark gray, soda-lime-silica glass having luminous transmittance less than 35 percent, infrared transmittance less than 20 percent, and total solar energy transmittance less than 22 percent (all at 3.9 millimeter thickness) is produced with colorants consisting essentially of 1.0 to 2.2 percent by weight total iron, at least 0.20 percent FeO, 0.01 to 0.03 percent CoO, and 0.0005 to 0.005 percent Se. The flat glass product having such a composition is particularly suitable for use as privacy glazing. The use of the glass as a substrate for a reflectively coated product is also disclosed. A low transmittance, reflective coated article is disclosed comprising a soda-lime-silica glass substrate having luminous transmittance less than 35 percent, infrared transmittance less than 20 percent, and total solar energy transmittance less than 22 percent (all at 3.

Abstract: A neutral gray, low transmittance (less than 20 percent luminous transmittance) soda-lime-silica glass has reduced solar energy transmittance, and in particular exceptionally low ultraviolet transmittance (less than 20 percent total solar ultraviolet transmittance) when provided with the following colorant constituents:Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 (total iron) 0.4-0.7 percent by weightFeO 0.08-0.15Se 0.003-0.008CoO 0.003-0.025Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 0.022-0.050The glass avoids the use of nickel compounds as colorants. Parameters for melting such a glass in a commercial furnace are also disclosed.

Abstract: In a method of making glass or the like, wherein the batch materials are liquefied in a distinct zone from the refiner, the liquefied material is heated in an intermediate stage before being fed to the refiner, and a composite barrier of a cooled frame with graphite inserts is employed to restrict passage of material from the intermediate stage.

Abstract: A thermocouple assembly including a thermocouple probe having facilities mounted thereto to protect the probe, e.g. from the hostile environment of a mounting hole provided through a refractory wall of a glassmaking furnace into which the probe extends for measuring the temperature of molten glass contained by the furnace. The facilities to protect the probe include an outer sleeve disposed in surrounding relation to a selected portion of the probe to form a first annular space between the outer surface of the probe and the inner surface of the sleeve; facilities for sealing the first annular space from atmosphere outside thereof; and, facilities for continuously moving a corrosion-inhibiting gas into, through, and out of the first annular space to thereby flush any infiltrating oxygen an/or alkali-sulfate corrosives out of the first annular space.

Abstract: A bubbler assembly comprising a bubbler tube having a sleeve surrounding at least a portion thereof to define an annular space therebetween. A corrosion-inhibiting gas is introduced into the space to minimize oxidation and alkali-sulfate corrosion of the bubbler tube, or preferably the gas is moved through the space to purge the space of oxygen and alkali-sulfate corrosives, when the bubbler assembly is mounted within a mounting hole provided through a refractory wall, e.g. the bottom, of a glassmaking furnace.The bubbler assembly alternatively comprises a bubbler tube, a fluid coolant jacket mounted within the refractory wall mounting hole, and facilities for facilitating movement of the bubbler tube relative to the refractory wall, independently of the fluid coolant jacket.

Abstract: A burner tip for passing fuel into a glass melting chamber, the burner tip having at least a portion thereof extending a distance into a fuel input passageway fluidly communicating the chamber interior to the chamber exterior, the distance being sufficient to minimize inspiration of chamber exterior or ambient air through an unsealed space formed between the outside surface of the burner tip and the walls forming the fuel input passageway, into the chamber interior, wherein at least the portion of the burner tip which extends into the fuel input passageway is made of high temperature, high oxidation-resistant material capable of withstanding the chamber interior atmosphere during both firing and off-firing cycles, while in direct contact therewith over a substantial time period.

Abstract: Energy savings are attained by employing an organic liquid such as fuel oil as a glass batch wetting agent. Also, inclusion of fuel oil in a sulfur-containing glass batch yields improved melting rates.

Abstract: In a glass melting furnace, the beneficial effects of passing molten glass streams through the intensified heating at the surface of the "spring zone" are enhanced by the use of bubblers. In one aspect, the rate of bubbling is greater near a side wall of the furnace than in the center immediately upstream of the spring zone so as to direct side portions of the throughput stream into the spring zone. In another aspect of the invention, the rising currents of the spring zone are enhanced by bubbling a stream entering the spring zone at a first elevation and then bubbling the same stream portion at a higher elevation.

Abstract: In a glass melting furnace, the beneficial effects of passing molten glass streams through the intensified heating at the surface of the "spring zone" are enhanced by the use of bubblers. In one aspect, the rate of bubbling is greater near a side wall of the furnace than in the center immediately upstream of the spring zone so as to direct side portions of the throughput stream into the spring zone. In another aspect of the invention, the rising currents of the spring zone are enhanced by bubbling a stream entering the spring zone at a first elevation and then bubbling the same stream portion at a higher elevation.

Abstract: In a glass melting operation, cullet is employed as a particulate emissions collector. Cullet of a selected size is contacted with exhaust gases in a gas/solid contact vessel wherein particulates are deposited onto the cullet. Double screening of cullet is employed to avoid introducing cullet dust to the gas stream. Electrostatic means may be employed to enhance particulate collection in the bed of cullet.

Abstract: Afterburning is employed with selective, non-catalytic reduction by ammonia injection to reduce NO.sub.x emissions of a process furnace, especially a glass melting furnace.