Abstract: Disclosed is a pretreatment composition containing (a) a Group IIIB metal, a Group IVB metal, or combinations thereof; and (b) a compound containing at least six phosphorus-containing acid groups or salts thereof; wherein the molar ratio of (a) to (b) is at least 3:1. Also disclosed are methods of treating a substrate with the pretreatment composition and substrates treated with the pretreatment composition.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pretreatment composition containing (a) a Group IIIB metal, a Group IVB metal, or combinations thereof; and (b) a compound containing at least six phosphorus-containing acid groups or salts thereof; wherein the molar ratio of (a) to (b) is at least 3:1. Also disclosed are methods of treating a substrate with the pretreatment composition and substrates treated with the pretreatment composition.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for treating and coating a ferrous metal substrate, such as cold rolled steel, hot rolled steel, and electrogalvanized steel. These methods include contacting the ferrous metal substrate with an aqueous pretreatment composition comprising: (a) a Group IIIB and/or IVB metal compound; (b) phosphate ions; and (c) water. Also disclosed are off-shift methods of removing iron from the pretreatment bath.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for treating metal substrates, including ferrous substrates, such as cold rolled steel and electrogalvanized steel. The methods include contacting the metal substrates with a conditioning composition including a free fluoride source and then depositing a pretreatment composition including a Group IIIB and/or IVB metal on a portion of the substrate contacted with the conditioning composition. Also disclosed are electrophoretically coated substrates treated by the methods.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for treating metal substrates, including ferrous substrates, such as cold rolled steel and electrogalvanized steel. The methods include contacting the metal substrates with a conditioning composition including a free fluoride source and then depositing a pretreatment composition including a Group IIIB and/or IVB metal on a portion of the substrate contacted with the conditioning composition. Also disclosed are electrophoretically coated substrates treated by the methods.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for treating and coating a ferrous metal substrate, such as cold rolled steel, hot rolled steel, and electrogalvanized steel. These methods include contacting the ferrous metal substrate with an aqueous pretreatment composition comprising: (a) a Group IIIB and/or IVB metal compound; (b) phosphate ions; and (c) water.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for treating and coating a ferrous metal substrate, such as cold rolled steel, hot rolled steel, and electrogalvanized steel. These methods include contacting the ferrous metal substrate with an aqueous pretreatment composition comprising: (a) a Group IIIB and/or IVB metal compound; (b) phosphate ions; and (c) water.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for treating and coating a ferrous metal substrate, such as cold rolled steel, hot rolled steel, and electrogalvanized steel. These methods include contacting the ferrous metal substrate with an aqueous pretreatment composition comprising: (a) a Group IIIB and/or IVB metal compound; (b) phosphate ions; and (c) water.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for treating and coating a ferrous metal substrate, such as cold rolled steel, hot rolled steel, and electrogalvanized steel. These methods include contacting the ferrous metal substrate with an aqueous pretreatment composition comprising: (a) a Group IIIB and/or IVB metal compound; (b) phosphate ions; and (c) water.

Abstract: A universal aqueous composition and a process for using such a composition for pretreating metal substrates is provided. The aqueous composition includes a hydroxy functional cyclic compound, such as a tannin, in an amount of at least about 500 ppm, phosphate ions, an oxidizer-accelerator, and at least one Group IVB metal compound capable of converting to a metal oxide upon application to the metal substrate, such as a fluorozirconate or fluorotitanate. The composition may further contain fluoride ions and/or iron. The composition is particularly useful for corrosion resistance with a variety of metals such as iron, steel, zinc-coated surfaces, aluminum, and alloys thereof. A disaccharide may further be provided to prolong the useful life of the composition, particularly when used in spray applications.

Abstract: A universal aqueous composition and a process for using such a composition for pretreating metal substrates is provided. The aqueous composition includes a hydroxy functional cyclic compound, such as a tannin, in an amount of at least about 500 ppm, phosphate ions, an oxidizer-accelerator, and at least one Group IVB metal compound capable of converting to a metal oxide upon application to the metal substrate, such as a fluorozirconate or fluorotitanate. The composition may further contain fluoride ions and/or iron. The composition is particularly useful for corrosion resistance with a variety of metals such as iron, steel, zinc-coated surfaces, aluminum, and alloys thereof. A disaccharide may further be provided to prolong the useful life of the composition, particularly when used in spray applications.