Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing carbamoyl phosphate, the method comprising reacting ammonia, ATP, bicarbonate and CO2, or a hydrated form thereof, in a composition in the presence of a carbamate kinase, wherein the ammonia and CO2, or hydrated form thereof, are converted to carbamate in a chemical reaction and the carbamate and ATP are converted to carbamoyl phosphate in an enzyme-catalysed reaction by the carbamate kinase, and wherein the pH of the composition is about 8 to about 12. The invention also relates to methods of producing urea.

Abstract: The present invention relates to enzymes which are able to hydrolyse phenylureas, carbamates, and/or organophosphates, as well as polynucleotides encoding these enzymes. The present invention also relates to methods of hydrolysing phenylureas, carbamates, and/or organophosphates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polypeptides for degrading s-triazines such as atrazine, as well as diazines. Also provided are polynucleotides encoding these polypeptides. The present invention also relates to the use of these polynucleotides and polypeptides in the bioremediation of s-triazines and diazines.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new type of enzyme which is able to degrade amine-containing herbicides such as glyphosate and glufosinate, as well as polynucleotides encoding these enzymes. The invention also relates to transgenic plants producing these enzymes which are resistant to an amine-containing herbicide activity. In addition, the present invention provides methods of bioremediation which rely on the activity of this new type of enzyme.

Abstract: The present inventors have found that the contrasting chemical, physical and environmental characteristics of alpha and beta endosulfan provide an opportunity to formulate an effective endosulfan formulation with lower risk to the environment. Accordingly, the present invention provides a method for controlling or reducing pest numbers in an area affected or likely to be affected by pests, the method comprising applying to the area an endosulfan formulation, the formulation comprising beta endosulfan and alpha endosulfan, wherein the ratio of beta to alpha endosulfan in the formulation is at least 3.5:6.5 w/w.