Abstract: Described are methods of preparing reduced 3,7-diamino-10H-phenothiazine (DAPTZ) compounds of formula: wherein: R1 and R9 are independently selected from: —H; C1-4alkyl; C2-4alkenyl; and halogenated C1-4alkyl; each of R3NA and R3NB is independently selected from: —H; C1-4alkyl; C2-4alkenyl; and halogenated C1-4alkyl; each of R7NA and R7NB is independently selected from: —H; C1-4alkyl; C2-4alkenyl; and halogenated C1-4alkyl; each of HX1 and HX2 is independently a protic acid; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, and hydrates thereof. These methods are particularly useful for producing stable reduced forms, and with high purity. The stability and purity are especially relevant for pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of disease. The compounds are useful for treatment of e.g. tauopathies, such as Alzheimer's disease, and also as prodrugs for the corresponding oxidized thioninium drugs.

Abstract: A vehicular power system for powering a parallel hybrid vehicle having an internal combustion engine, electric motor/generator, ESD source, and an inverter includes a set of demand parameters for controlling the amount of flow of current between the ESD source and the electric motor/generator. The demand parameters are utilized by the inverter for controlling this current. A set of limiting parameters which indicate that the application of full demand would jeopardize the operational environment or is unwarranted by utilizing the limit of full demand. The demand parameters control the amount of current to the electric motor/generator from the ESD during an electric motor/generator assist mode and from the electric motor/generator to the ESD when the battery is acting as a generator for recharging the ESD. Additionally, a plurality of demand parameters may exist providing options for manipulating the control of the electric motor/generator depending upon the operating environment of the vehicle.

Abstract: A light guide has a window through which radiation passes to a detector. The light guide is provided with a housing which defines a duct through which a flow of cooling fluid passes. The duct is arranged so that a proportion of the fluid flow passes over the external surface of the window to prevent deposition of contaminants thereon. A circumferential shield extends around the window to control the flow of radiation therethrough. The circumferential shield has a curved radial recess therein which imparts a rotational component of velocity to the flow of fluid passing over the surface of the window to promote cooling of the shield. The shield is further provided with an annular internal step which prevents radiation reflected from the inner wall of the shield passing through the shield.

Abstract: Methods for separating isotopes are disclosed including providing molecules which contain the element whose isotopes are to be separated and which have an isotopically shifted but overlapping infrared absorption spectrum associated with those isotopes which does not change appreciably upon the absorption of photons, irradiating those molecules at an infrared absorption frequency to isotopically selectively dissociate those molecules and provide molecular fragments which appear over a period of time, and collecting only those molecular fragments which dissociate within a predetermined portion of that time interval. In preferred methods, the isotopes of uranium are separated employing molecules having the general formula UO.sub.2 (A.sub.1 A.sub.2).multidot.L.