Abstract: The invention provides a wide range of methods and compositions for detecting and treating prostate cancer in an individual. Specifically, the invention provides target prostate cancer-associated proteins, which permit a rapid detection, preferably before metastases occur, of prostate cancer. The target prostate cancer-associated protein may be detected, for example, by reacting the sample with a labeled binding moiety, for example, a labeled antibody capable of binding specifically to the protein. The invention also provides kits useful in the detection of prostate cancer in an individual. In addition, the invention provides methods utilizing the prostate cancer-associated proteins either as targets for treating prostate cancer or as indicators for monitoring the efficacy of such a treatment.