Abstract: A security railing is formed from thick wall polyvinyl chloride pipe (PVC) having PVC tee, cross and elbow fittings providing flush joints. A PVC joint aligner and strengthener is inserted in and extends across each joint, The joints and aligners are chemically welded to form a unitary structure. Joint aligners may include a steel core.

Abstract: A price labeling system employs a highly linear weight-responsive transducer. Two weight measurements are taken with respect to each incoming article, one representing the unladen weight of the scale platform and the other representing the laden weight of the scale platform. Data representing these two measurements are subtracted to provide gross weight of the article and thereby relieving the system of the need to provide a stable "zero" reference when the scale is unladen. The data representing the outputs of the transducer are expanded in range, are subtracted and are divided by the range expansion factor to provide decreased uncertainty in resolution of the analog-to-digital conversion of the transducer outputs. A central processing unit computes the net weight and price of the article on the basis of tare weight and price per pound entries.