Abstract: A unit which comprises a body of ultra-hard material such as CVD diamond has a layer of plasma spray cemented carbide bonded to a surface thereof. The bonding is achieved through a bonding layer comprising an inner region bonded to the surface and comprising a minor amount of a carbide-forming metal and a major amount of a ductile metal and an outer region bonded to the cemented carbide layer comprising nickel, cobalt, iron or an alloy containing one or more of these metals.

Abstract: A flat phased array antenna for reception of circularly polarized high frequency signals. The flat antenna array consists of a number of subarrays arranged in a matrix. In turn, each of the subarrays consist of individual antenna elements arranged in a matrix. In one embodiment, each subarray consists of four layers stacked one on top of the other. The top layer defines an array of miniature reception horns. Secured to the top layer is a second layer which constitutes the short-circuit plate of the antenna array. The short-circuit plate contains a plurality of through holes disposed about the surface of the circuit plate to permit passage of pairs of cylindrically shaped probes. The two remaining layers constitute the first power dividing layer and the second power dividing layer, respectively. Each of the layers includes transmission line waveguides.

Abstract: A flat phased array antenna for reception of circularly polarized high frequency signals. The flat antenna array consists of a number of subarrays arranged in a matrix. In turn, each of the subarrays consist of individual antenna elements arranged in a matrix. In one embodiment, each subarray consists of four layers stacked one on top of the other. The top layer defines an array of miniature reception horns. Secured to the top layer is a second layer which constitutes the short-circuit plate of the antenna array. The short-circuit plate contains a plurality of through holes disposed about the surface of the circuit plate to permit passage of pairs of cylindrically shaped probes. The two remaining layers constitute the first power dividing layer and the second power dividing layer, respectively. Each of the layers includes transmission line waveguides.

Abstract: A cast rail clip support of the kind used in concrete railway sleepers wherein one portion (17) of the rail clip is held in the rail clip support (19) and a second portion of the clip (16) bears down on the rail flange. The recess (26) of the rail clip support has slots (32) shaped to accommodate in a neat fit the base portion 17 of the rail clip. The clip when held in the recess 16 abuts the lower contact surface 33 and the end of the base portion 17 abuts the upper contact surface 34 which is inclined 3.degree. above the horizontal. This arrangement presents the clip from being accidentally knocked from its position in the rail clip support.

Abstract: Apparatus for removing elastic rail fasteners of the kind that are applied transversely of the rail. The apparatus removes two fasteners simultaneously from a rail seat. The apparatus comprises a carrier frame (10) having a pair of opposed abutment plates (14 and 15) which move arcuately parallel to the rail (12). Associated with each plate (14 or 15) is an extraction lever (26a and 26b) which moves arcuately transverse to the rail. The abutment plates align the apparatus with the fastener (40), compress the arms (44) of the fastener (40) and the extraction levers (26a and 26b) pull the fasteners (40) from the rail seat.

Abstract: Apparatus for applying elastic rail fasteners to a rail seat in which the fasteners are applied in a direction at right angles to the rail. A carriage supports a pivoted frame which can be rotated to align with a rail tie. Each end of the frame carries a pair of dependent arms and each pair is moved hydraulically. Abutment faces on the ends of the dependent arms contact the rail fasteners and the simultaneous contraction of each pair results in the fitting of four rail fasteners in one application. Rail tie position sensors are provided adjacent the abutment faces for correctly aligning the frame with the rail tie.