Abstract: Methods, apparatus and techniques are disclosed to define and use bearer token records to transfer a crypto asset from a sending account and where a secret is required to be provided as a proof of possession of the bearer token to complete the transfer to a receiving account. Certified bearer tokens are locked for later transfer to a defined receiving account at generation. Lockable bearer tokens are lockable after generation via a second secret. Bearer token records may be expired to revert the crypto asset to the sending account if not completed using the secret. Bearer token records are implementable on a blockchain. Bearer tokens of small denomination crypto assets are useful for various transactions such a streaming or other online services. A computing device provides a change purse to carry and use bearer tokens. Multiple signature accounts and payment transactions are provided for crypto assets.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus and techniques are disclosed to atomically instantiate a secure hash locked account record in association with an NFT record (a crypto-asset record) where the account record is stored in a validation layer of a blockchain and the NFT record is stored in an application layer. The secure hash locked protocol prevents a transfer of the NFT record except with a transfer of the account. The secure hash locked protocol uses first and second hashes of first and second pre-images (e.g. hash locks) to lock the account from transfer. Secure hash locked accounts may be transferred for one another using an unlock, setup and atomic swap transaction process to ensure secure transfer. Once minted, the NFT record is static and is configured to store arbitrary data useful to an external application. As an example, NFT assets may comprise digital assets such as in-game features from video games.

Abstract: Proposed is a scalable and computationally light approach to validating blockchains called the Catastrophic Dissent Mechanism (CDM). CDM uses anonymous actors who are free to join and leave the system as they please. The mechanism gives all actors strong incentives to behave honestly, both as individuals, and as members of coalitions who might benefit in compromising the integrity of the blockchain. As a result, CDM offers users Strategically Provable Security (SPS). CDM provides a foundation to create an ecosystem of federated chains which can share heterogeneous tokens using different business logic. As a result, new instances of chains can be created to serve as inexpensive, scalable platforms for a wide variety of blockchain applications and to provide a path for existing instances to be upgraded or altered without the use of hard forks or breaking the rule that code is law.

Abstract: Proposed is a scalable and computationally light approach to validating blockchains called the Catastrophic Dissent Mechanism (CDM). CDM uses anonymous actors who are free to join and leave the system as they please. The mechanism gives all actors strong incentives to behave honestly, both as individuals, and as members of coalitions who might benefit in compromising the integrity of the blockchain. As a result, CDM offers users Strategically Provable Security (SPS). CDM provides a foundation to create an ecosystem of federated chains which can share heterogeneous tokens using different business logic. As a result, new instances of chains can be created to serve as inexpensive, scalable platforms for a wide variety of blockchain applications and to provide a path for existing instances to be upgraded or altered without the use of hard forks or breaking the rule that code is law.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus and techniques are disclosed to define and use bearer token records to transfer a crypto asset from a sending account and where a secret is required to be provided as a proof of possession of the bearer token to complete the transfer to a receiving account. Certified bearer tokens are locked for later transfer to a defined receiving account at generation. Lockable bearer tokens are lockable after generation via a second secret. Bearer token records may be expired to revert the crypto asset to the sending account if not completed using the secret. Bearer token records are implementable on a blockchain. Bearer tokens of small denomination crypto assets are useful for various transactions such a streaming or other online services. A computing device provides a change purse from which to pay using bearer tokens. Various user interfaces and uses are presented.

Abstract: Proposed is a scalable and computationally light approach to validating blockchains called the Catastrophic Dissent Mechanism (CDM). CDM uses anonymous actors who are free to join and leave the system as they please. The mechanism gives all actors strong incentives to behave honestly, both as individuals, and as members of coalitions who might benefit in compromising the integrity of the blockchain. As a result, CDM offers users Strategically Provable Security (SPS). CDM provides a foundation to create an ecosystem of federated chains which can share heterogeneous tokens using different business logic. As a result, new instances of chains can be created to serve as inexpensive, scalable platforms for a wide variety of blockchain applications and to provide a path for existing instances to be upgraded or altered without the use of hard forks or breaking the rule that code is law.