Abstract: An amino acid-specific binder selectively binds to a binding amino acid. A binder complex selectively identifies the binding amino acid and includes an adjunct attached to the amino acid-specific binder. The adjunct includes a taggant, protein, substrate, or chemical modifier. Selectively identifying an N-terminal amino acid includes anchoring a C-terminal end; contacting an N-terminal amino acid of the anchored analyte with the binder complex; selectively binding when the N-terminal amino acid includes the binding amino acid; producing, by the taggant of the tagged complex, a taggant signal; detecting the taggant signal; and identifying the N-terminal amino acid based on the taggant signal.

Abstract: An amino acid-specific binder selectively binds to a binding amino acid. A binder complex selectively identifies the binding amino acid and includes an adjunct attached to the amino acid-specific binder. The adjunct includes a taggant, protein, substrate, or chemical modifier. Selectively identifying an N-terminal amino acid includes anchoring a C-terminal end; contacting an N-terminal amino acid of the anchored analyte with the binder complex; selectively binding when the N-terminal amino acid includes the binding amino acid; producing, by the taggant of the tagged complex, a taggant signal; detecting the taggant signal; and identifying the N-terminal amino acid based on the taggant signal.

Abstract: An amino acid-specific binder selectively binds to a binding amino acid. A binder complex selectively identifies the binding amino acid and includes an adjunct attached to the amino acid-specific binder. The adjunct includes a taggant, protein, substrate, or chemical modifier. Selectively identifying an N-terminal amino acid includes anchoring a C-terminal end; contacting an N-terminal amino acid of the anchored analyte with the binder complex; selectively binding when the N-terminal amino acid includes the binding amino acid; producing, by the taggant of the tagged complex, a taggant signal; detecting the taggant signal; and identifying the N-terminal amino acid based on the taggant signal.

Abstract: An amino acid-specific binder selectively binds to a binding amino acid. A binder complex selectively identifies the binding amino acid and includes an adjunct attached to the amino acid-specific binder. The adjunct includes a taggant, protein, substrate, or chemical modifier. Selectively identifying an N-terminal amino acid includes anchoring a C-terminal end; contacting an N-terminal amino acid of the anchored analyte with the binder complex; selectively binding when the N-terminal amino acid includes the binding amino acid; producing, by the taggant of the tagged complex, a taggant signal; detecting the taggant signal; and identifying the N-terminal amino acid based on the taggant signal.

Abstract: An amino acid-specific binder selectively binds to a binding amino acid. A binder complex selectively identifies the binding amino acid and includes an adjunct attached to the amino acid-specific binder. The adjunct includes a taggant, protein, substrate, or chemical modifier. Selectively identifying an N-terminal amino acid includes anchoring a C-terminal end; contacting an N-terminal amino acid of the anchored analyte with the binder complex; selectively binding when the N-terminal amino acid includes the binding amino acid; producing, by the taggant of the tagged complex, a taggant signal; detecting the taggant signal; and identifying the N-terminal amino acid based on the taggant signal.

Abstract: A process for making a nucleotide analog includes combining a first substrate that includes a linker and a base with a second substrate to form a substrate composition. An enzyme contacts the substrate composition and catalyzes formation of the nucleotide analog from the first substrate and the second substrate. Additionally, a composition includes the first substrate, second substrate, the enzyme, the nucleotide analog, and optional additives.

Abstract: A process for making a nucleotide analog includes combining a first substrate that includes a linker and a base with a second substrate to form a substrate composition. An enzyme contacts the substrate composition and catalyzes formation of the nucleotide analog from the first substrate and the second substrate. Additionally, a composition includes the first substrate, second substrate, the enzyme, the nucleotide analog, and optional additives.

Abstract: A functional testing and evaluation technique is provided employing an abstraction matrix that describes a complex software component to be tested. The abstraction matrix includes at least one test case scenario and mapped expected results therefore. Test cases are derived from the at least one test case scenario and used to test the software component, thereby generating test results. The test results are automatically evaluated using the abstraction matrix. The evaluating includes comparing a test case to the at least one test case scenario of the abstraction matrix and if a match is found, comparing the test result for that test case with the mapped expected result therefore in the abstraction matrix.

Abstract: A functional testing technique is provided employing an abstraction matrix that describes a complex software component to be tested. The abstraction matrix includes state and event information. The technique is an automated process which parses the abstraction matrix to generate test cases and mapped expected results therefore. The test cases are separated based on layers of the software component and data structures are associated with the separated test cases of the layers. The data structures allow the test cases of the various layers to be uncorrelated. The software component executable is employed to generate test case execution threads from the test cases and mapped expected results for a particular layer. These execution threads can then be executed in parallel, thereby testing the software component.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of identifying ligands that interact will cellular processes involved in the life-cycle of HIV. In particular, an oligonucleotide, corresponding to specific RNA sequence within an infected cell, is modified by the substitution of 2-aminopurine. As a result, interactions between the oligonucleotide and the ligand can be measured via fluorescence. This technique can be use to find inhibitors of binding between rev and its response element (RRE), dimerization initiation sequences, and topoisomerases and DNA.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of identifying ligands that interact will cellular processes involved in the life-cycle of HIV. In particular, an oligonucleotide, corresponding to specific RNA sequence within an infected cell, is modified by the substitution of 2-aminopurine. As a result, interactions between the oligonucleotide and the ligand can be measured via fluorescence. This technique can be use to find inhibitors of binding between rev and its response element (RRE), dimerization initiation sequences, and topoisomerases and DNA.

Abstract: A functional testing and evaluation technique is provided employing an abstraction matrix that describes a complex software component to be tested. The abstraction matrix includes at least one test case scenario and mapped expected results therefore. Test cases are derived from the at least one test case scenario and used to test the software component, thereby generating test results. The test results are automatically evaluated using the abstraction matrix. The evaluating includes comparing a test case to the at least one test case scenario of the abstraction matrix and if a match is found, comparing the test result for that test case with the mapped expected result therefore in the abstraction matrix.

Abstract: A functional testing technique is provided employing an abstraction matrix that describes a complex software component to be tested. The abstraction matrix includes state and event information. The technique is an automated process which parses the abstraction matrix to generate test cases and mapped expected results therefore. The test cases are separated based on layers of the software component and data structures are associated with the separated test cases of the layers. The data structures allow the test cases of the various layers to be uncorrelated. The software component executable is employed to generate test case execution threads from the test cases and mapped expected results for a particular layer. These execution threads can then be executed in parallel, thereby testing the software component.