Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for creating phobic and philic surfaces (for example, superphobic and superphilic surfaces) are disclosed. Embodiments include methods for determining a heat treatment technique that increases the likelihood that a uniformly etched surface with minimal pitting will be formed when the surface of a material is subject to etching. Additional embodiments include evaluating the PRE number of the material, performing an anodic polarization sweep of the material, evaluating the polarization curve (current vs. potential) for the material, performing different etching protocols depending on the range of values the PRE number of the material belongs, and/or pulsing the current applied to the material during the etching process. Additional embodiments include apparatuses and methods for predictably etching a surface (such as a surface of a metal alloy) of a material, which can include etching interior portions of a hollow work piece.

Abstract: Processes and devices provide parenteral delivery of therapeutic fluids, in particular high-viscosity therapeutic fluids (e.g., protein therapeutics), by a chemical reaction that generates a gas. A device may include a first actuation chamber containing a first reagent, a second reaction chamber containing a second reagent, and a third therapeutic fluid chamber containing the therapeutic fluid. In a loaded configuration, a plunger separates the first chamber from the second chamber. In a delivery configuration, the plunger allows the first reagent from the first chamber to communicate and react with the second reagent from the second chamber. The generated gas acts upon a plunger to deliver the therapeutic fluid from the third chamber.

Abstract: A method of fluidly connecting two downspout components without fasteners. The method embodies an elastic band dimensioned to slidably receive connecting ends of the two downspout components in such a way that the material of the elastic band frictionally engages the received connecting ends in a seamless, fastener-less, drip-free seal.

Abstract: A method of fluidly connecting two downspout components without fasteners. The method embodies an elastic band dimensioned to slidably receive connecting ends of the two downspout components in such a way that the material of the elastic band frictionally engages the received connecting ends in a seamless, fastener-less, drip-free seal.