Abstract: A supercapacitor comprises a single core (preferably an electrically conducting fibre core) having sequential coaxial layers of: (i) a first electrode, (ii) a gelled electrolyte which functions as a separator for the supercapacitor, (iii) a second electrode, and (iv) a conductor for collecting current. A further supercapacitor layer can be provided. The supercapacitor fibre can be incorporated into fabric to form articles of clothing.

Abstract: In order to mitigate tampering with a solar cell, the present invention provides a photovoltaic device comprising at least one photovoltaic cell housed within an encapsulant forming a protective barrier for the at least one photovoltaic cell; a switch operable to allow delivery of electricity from the device; and means, also housed within the encapsulant, to render the device inoperable, preferably permanently inoperable, upon tampering with the device.

Abstract: A method of processing an imagewise exposed photographic silver halide material which includes a redox amplification dye image-forming step and a bleach step using an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide or a compound capable of releasing hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: A silver halide material can be processed using a redox amplification developer solution and a bleach solution. Both solutions contain a peroxide oxidant.

Abstract: The present invention is for a method for treating photographic waste comprising dispensing at least one photographic waste treatment agent from a holder containing at least one treatment agent receptacle and selectively operable releasing means for releasing at least one photographic waste treatment agent from the treatment agent receptacle into a photographic waste receptacle for treating photographic waste received therein; wherein the holder is capable of being arranged in association with the waste receptacle such that on operation of the releasing means, photographic waste treatment agent is released into the waste receptacle.

Abstract: High silver chloride photographic materials can be processed with a process comprising two fixing steps, one before and another after a hydrogen peroxide bleaching step. The first fixing step utilizes a sulfite fixing agent.

Abstract: It is known to supply processing chemicals for photographic processing apparatus in chemical supply cartridges. These cartridges may include ion-exchange resins for cleaning wash solutions therein before they are delivered to the processing apparatus. However, efficient use of such resins is not always made. Described herein is a method and apparatus which improves the efficiency of use of ion-exchange resins in the wash solution compartment of a chemical supply cartridge.

Abstract: A process for the development of photographic materials comprises developing the materials in a bath of developer processing solution and subjecting the used developer solution to a water recovery step comprising distillation or reverse osmosis and using the recovered water to prepare a photographic processing solution or as a compensator for evaporation loss and wherein said used developer solution passed to the water recovery step is free of contaminants such as ammonia or sulphur dioxide present in bleaching and fixing agents. Preferably the used developer solution is subjected to the water recovery without the addition of other photographic processing liquids. The recovered water may be used to prepare developer solution or developer replenisher solution and recycled to the developer processing bath.

Abstract: A method of processing an imagewise exposed photographic silver halide color material which comprises color development and bleach steps. Between these two steps is a fixing, stop or wash step, the solution for which is passed through an absorbent material that removes carryover color developing agent.

Abstract: A method of processing photographic silver halide color material comprises, in order, a dye image-forming development step, a step which has the purpose of stopping further dye formation and a bleaching or bleach-fixing. The bleaching or bleach-fixing solution is made by adding additional components to all or some of the overflow of the stop bath. This decreases stain levels without increasing chemical load.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a treatment method for treating effluents from a photographic development process, particularly a redox amplification (RX) development process, which is operated at an alkaline pH and is buffered with a phosphate buffer, said treatment method being characterized by the addition to the effluents of a Group II or Group III metal cation which forms an aqueous insoluble or substantially insoluble phosphate salt, thereby to precipitate phosphate salt from the effluent, and to reduce the pH of the effluent.

Abstract: High silver chloride photographic materials are processed using a development stop bath containing a sulfite fixing agent, followed by bleaching, fixing and treatment with an oxidizing agent that destroys sulfite ions. No washing or stabilizing steps are used after the treatment with oxidizing agent.

Abstract: Photographic materials are processed using a processing solution that is replenished at a rate controlled by an algorithm that has terms determined by information associated with the photographic material.

Abstract: A thickened processing solution containing inert particles can be used in lamination processing to insure even processing.

Abstract: A photographic bleach solution contains hydrogen peroxide, or a compound capable of releasing hydrogen peroxide, and two or more sequestering agents capable of complexing with a transition metal. The bleach solution ha a pH in the alkaline range. A method of using such a photographic bleach solution is also disclosed.

Abstract: A cartridge for receiving a photographic processing chemical comprises a main body formed with an outlet by way of which the chemical may be introduced into or removed from the cartridge. The main body also has a connection for a venting arrangement which provides communication between the interior of the main body of the cartridge and atmosphere when the cartridge is in use. The connection for the venting arrangement is located adjacent, and faces in the same direction as, the outlet in the main body so that in a single "plug-in" operation the cartridge can be located upon a processing apparatus to establish connections for the supply and return of the processing chemical and a connection with a venting arrangement provided on the processing apparatus.

Abstract: A redox amplification photographic process comprises a sulfite fixing step after development-amplification and prior to peroxide bleaching.

Abstract: A method of controlling the replenishment of a processing solution used for processing a photographic material in photographic processing apparatus, wherein replenishment chemistry is added to the processing solution and the replenishment rate is controlled using an algorithm, is characterised in that at least one of the terms of the algorithm is determined by information associated with the replenishment chemistry.

Abstract: It is well known that photographic processing solutions need to be replenished periodically in photographic processing apparatus to maintain constant sensitometry for the material being processed. Described herein is a method and apparatus for effecting replenishment of a process, in particular, a photographic process, in which replenishing material for the process is coated on to at least one surface of the material to be treated in that process.