Abstract: A secondary battery is provided for cycling between a charged and a discharged state, the secondary battery including a battery enclosure, an electrode assembly, carrier ions, a non-aqueous liquid electrolyte within the battery enclosure, and a set of electrode constraints. The set of electrode constraints includes a primary constraint system having first and second primary growth constraints and at least one primary connecting member, the first and second primary growth constraints separated from each other in the longitudinal direction, wherein the primary constraint array restrains growth of the electrode assembly in the longitudinal direction such that any increase in the Feret diameter of the electrode assembly in the longitudinal direction over 20 consecutive cycles of the secondary battery is less than 20%.

Abstract: A power converter for converting shore power voltage, phase, and frequency for shipboard use includes a variable inductance input transformer that can be connected to the shore power. The primary windings of the transformer have a plurality of taps, and a respective computer-controlled switch is connected between adjacent taps to selectively establish a closed circuit or an open circuit between the taps and thereby configure the primary windings as a low or high voltage "delta" or "wye", as appropriate for the shore power voltage. The output of the input transformer is sent to a variable speed drive, then to an output transformer, and thence to the distribution bus of the ship. A voltage regulator regulates the output voltage of the output transformer. If desired, a phase selector can be provided between the shore power and input transformer to establish the phase characteristics (i.e.

Abstract: A power converter for converting shore power voltage, phase, and frequency for shipboard use includes a variable inductance input transformer that can be connected to the shore power. The primary windings of the transformer have a plurality of taps, and a respective computer-controlled switch is connected between adjacent taps to selectively establish a closed circuit or an open circuit between the taps and thereby configure the primary windings as a low or high voltage "delta" or "wye", as appropriate for the shore power voltage. The output of the input transformer is sent to a variable speed drive, then to an output transformer, and thence to the distribution bus of the ship. A voltage regulator regulates the output voltage of the output transformer. If desired, a phase selector can be provided between the shore power and input transformer to establish the phase characteristics (i.e.