Abstract: A flocculation system for water treatment facilities comprises a flocculation tank having a plurality of baffles which divide the interior of the flocculation tank into a plurality of compartments. The baffles are arranged to provide intercompartmental openings between adjacent upstream and downstream compartments, which, in turn, are arranged to provide a serpentine flow path through the flocculation tank. A mechanical mixer is mounted in each compartment for supplementing the mixing energy provided by the serpentine flow, particularly during periods of low water flow rates.

Abstract: A hydraulic jet flash mixer in a system for treating waste water jets a secondary flow of water through a high-velocity nozzle towards a deflector assembly. In one embodiment, the deflector assembly is formed by a tip and a body, and the tip is spaced from, but spring biased toward, the body. The space between the tip and body acts as a nozzle for radially injecting a coagulant fed to the body by a pressurized supply line. In another embodiment, the deflector assembly is one piece, and the supply line is inside of and extends through the high-velocity nozzle such that coagulant is injected from a point between the nozzle and the deflector assembly.

Abstract: A chemical reactor comprises packing media which promotes plug flow through the reactor. The packing media comprises a plurality of stacked plates, each plate comprising an array of upwardly protruding dimples separated by downwardly protruding dimples. The plates are stacked with the down dimples lying above the up dimples of the plates below to thereby form rows of compartments. The up dimples comprise four transfer ports to provide even flow of fluid from a compartment in one row to each of the adjacent compartments in the adjacent rows. The method achieves plug flow in the reactor and causes two fluids to mix by the use of turbulence and shear at each transfer port.

Abstract: Chemicals are injected and mixed in a fluid to be treated by hydraulically creating turbulence for mixing across the cross-section of the flow path of the fluid and injecting undiluted chemical into the turbulence.