Abstract: A method and apparatus for affecting the properties of a material include vibrating the material during its formation (i.e., “surface sifting”). The method involves the steps of providing a material formation device and applying a plurality of vibrations to the material during formation, which vibrations comprise oscillations having dissimilar, non-harmonic frequencies and at least two different directions. The apparatus includes a plurality of vibration sources that impart vibrations to the material.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for affecting the properties of a material include vibrating the material during its formation (i.e., “surface sifting”). The method involves the steps of providing a material formation device and applying a plurality of vibrations to the material during formation, which vibrations comprise oscillations having dissimilar, non-harmonic frequencies and at least two different directions. The apparatus includes a plurality of vibration sources that impart vibrations to the material.

Abstract: A multiparameter acoustic signature inspection device and method are described for non-invasive inspection of containers. Dual acoustic signatures discriminate between various fluids and materials for identification of the same.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling electrospark deposition (ESD) comprises using electrical variable waveforms from the ESD process as a feedback parameter. The method comprises measuring a plurality of peak amplitudes from a series of electrical energy pulses delivered to an electrode tip. The maximum peak value from among the plurality of peak amplitudes correlates to the contact force between the electrode tip and a workpiece. The method further comprises comparing the maximum peak value to a set point to determine an offset and optimizing the contact force according to the value of the offset. The apparatus comprises an electrode tip connected to an electrical energy wave generator and an electrical signal sensor, which connects to a high-speed data acquisition card. An actuator provides relative motion between the electrode tip and a workpiece by receiving a feedback drive signal from a processor that is operably connected to the actuator and the high-speed data acquisition card.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling electrospark deposition (ESD) comprises using electrical variable waveforms from the ESD process as a feedback parameter. The method comprises measuring a plurality of peak amplitudes from a series of electrical energy pulses delivered to an electrode tip. The maximum peak value from among the plurality of peak amplitudes correlates to the contact force between the electrode tip and a workpiece. The method further comprises comparing the maximum peak value to a set point to determine an offset and optimizing the contact force according to the value of the offset. The apparatus comprises an electrode tip connected to an electrical energy wave generator and an electrical signal sensor, which connects to a high-speed data acquisition card. An actuator provides relative motion between the electrode tip and a workpiece by receiving a feedback drive signal from a processor that is operably connected to the actuator and the high-speed data acquisition card.

Abstract: An X-ray fluorescence device and method are disclosed. The device includes a source block containing an X-ray source, a substantially X-ray transparent fluid flow path through the source block and proximate the X-ray source, and an X-ray detector separated from the X-ray source by the source block. First and second openings are provided in the source block between the X-ray source and the flow path and between the flow path and the detector respectively. In operation, source X-rays pass through the first opening and through the flow path. A portion of the source X-rays interact with a fluid in the flow path to create a fluid fluorescence response. The remainder of the source X-rays pass into a noise reduction cavity of the source block. The detector receives the portion of the fluid fluorescence response passing through the second opening and produces an output indicative of the presence and amount of selected components in the fluid.

Abstract: An X-ray fluorescence device and method are disclosed. The device includes a source block containing an X-ray source, a substantially X-ray transparent fluid flow path through the source block and proximate the X-ray source, and an X-ray detector separated from the X-ray source by the source block. First and second openings are provided in the source block between the X-ray source and the flow path and between the flow path and the detector respectively. In operation, source X-rays pass through the first opening and through the flow path. A portion of the source X-rays interact with a fluid in the flow path to create a fluid fluorescence response. The remainder of the source X-rays pass into a noise reduction cavity of the source block. The detector receives the portion of the fluid fluorescence response passing through the second opening and produces an output indicative of the presence and amount of selected components in the fluid.