Abstract: A hearing system for producing audio signals perceptible to an individual. The hearing system includes a transducer having a surface adapted to attach to a middle-ear acoustic member of the individual, wherein the transducer is responsive to variations in a magnetic field emitted by a transmitter to directly vibrate the acoustic member. The transmitter is supported within an ear canal of the individual. The transmitter has a coil and a core positioned so that the distal end of the core is located at a predetermined distance and orientation relative to the transducer.

Abstract: Apparatus for directly stimulating a tympanic membrane or other acoustic member comprising a support with a plurality of activatable elements. The support can be mounted on the tympanic membrane and the activatable elements are distributed on the support to provide a distributed vibration to the tympanic membrane.

Abstract: A hearing system for producing audio signals perceptible to an individual. The hearing system includes a transducer having a surface adapted to attach to a middle-ear acoustic member of the individual, wherein the transducer is responsive to variations in a magnetic field emitted by a transmitter to directly vibrate the acoustic member. The transmitter is supported within an ear canal of the individual. The transmitter has a coil and a core positioned so that the distal end of the core is located at a predetermined distance and orientation relative to the transducer.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling a multiple cylinder internal combustion engine include determining a driver-demanded torque, determining a first torque based on the driver-demanded torque and a torque converter model, and determining a second torque based on an engine speed error between a current and target engine speed multiplied by a calibratable gain factor based on the speed ratio of the torque converter. The engine is then controlled to deliver the sum of the first and second engine torques to improve system response to part-throttle acceleration requests, particularly for vehicle launch and drive away.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling a multiple cylinder internal combustion engine include determining a driver-demanded torque, determining a first torque based on the driver-demanded torque and a torque converter model, and determining a second torque based on an engine speed error between a current and target engine speed multiplied by a calibratable gain factor based on the speed ratio of the torque converter. The engine is then controlled to deliver the sum of the first and second engine torques to improve system response to part-throttle acceleration requests, particularly for vehicle launch and drive away.

Abstract: A method and apparatus 46 for dynamically and periodically determining the amount of energy expended by a hybrid vehicle 10. Particularly, apparatus or controller 46 dynamically computes the amount of utilized energy based upon the initial charge resident within the battery 14, the amount of power supplied to the battery 14 and the discharge efficiency of the battery 14, thereby allowing an overall energy management strategy to be implemented and allowing an accurate operational analysis and/or simulation to be conducted.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for operating a hybrid vehicle 10 which requires the creation of a state of charge value and which further requires the modification of the state of charge value in accordance with the monitored speed of the vehicle 10, effective to allow the hybrid vehicle 10 to be efficiently operated.