Abstract: A Lewis acid catalyst composition comprising a specific mixed medium and a Lewis acid catalyst, wherein the Lewis acid catalyst is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds respectively represented by the following formulae (1) and (2): [(Rf1SO2)(Rf2SO2)N]nM,??(1) and [(Rf1SO2)(Rf2SO2)(Rf3SO2)C]nM. ??(2) A method for continuously performing a reaction which proceeds in the presence of the above-mentioned Lewis acid catalyst by using a specific mixed medium and the above-mentioned Lewis acid catalyst. A novel Lewis acid catalyst.

Abstract: A Lewis acid catalyst composition comprising a specific mixed medium and a Lewis acid catalyst, wherein the Lewis acid catalyst is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds respectively represented by the following formulae (1) and (2):

Abstract: Disclosed is a Lewis acid catalyst composition comprising a specific mixed medium and a Lewis acid catalyst (II), wherein the specific mixed medium is mixed medium (I) comprising a perfluorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon (A) and at least one non-fluorinated hydrocarbon or a mixed medium (I′) comprising a perfluorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon (A), a perfluorinated aromatic hydrocarbon (C) and water (D), and wherein the Lewis acid catalyst (II) is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds respectively represented by the following formulae (1), (2) and (3): (RfSO3)nM  (1), [(RfSO2)2N]nM  (2), and [(RfSO2)3C]nM  (3). Also disclosed is a Lewis acid catalyst represented by the above-mentioned formula (3).

Abstract: A bundle of permselective hollow fibers is disclosed, containing a plurality of filaments having a fineness of from 0.05 to 20 denier at a filament-to-hollow fiber ratio of from 2 to 3000. The filaments intermingle with the hollow fibers substantially lengthwise over the length of the hollow fibers, and substantially all of the filaments each engage with at least one of the hollow fibers, thereby placing the hollow fibers into an inseparable bundle. The bundle has not only a high packing ratio of hollow fibers, but also an effective arrangement for efficiently exerting a high performance of each hollow fiber. The bundle can be constructed into a fluid separator, which is useful for dialysis, ultrafiltration, osmosis, reverse osmosis, pressure separation of gas mixtures and the like.

Abstract: A process for preparing 3-alkoxymethylcephalosporins which are useful as an intermediate for various cephalosporin derivatives having a high antimicrobial activity is disclosed. According to the process of the present invention, the 3-alkoxymethylcephalosporins can be easily obtained in high yield on a commercial scale.

Abstract: Novel cephalosporin compounds having antibacterial activity, which are represented by the following compounds of the general formula (I), ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents an amino group or a protected amino group;.circle.A represents a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring containing therein 1 to 4 nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atoms;R.sub.2 represents a normal alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxyalkyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms; a cycloalkenyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms; an aromatic organic residue; a 3- to 6-membered heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 4 nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen atoms or, ##STR2## wherein Ra and Rb each, which may be the same or different, represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;R.sub.

Abstract: A cephalosporin compound of the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein X is a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, a methyl group, a methoxy group, an acetoxymethyl group or --CH.sub.2 SHet wherein Het is a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring containing therein 1 to 4 nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atoms;R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each independently is a hydrogen atom or a protective group which can be pharmaceutically hydrolyzed; andR.sub.4 is a hydrogen atom or a methoxy group;and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: A method for improving the intestinal absorption of a cephalosporin derivative by bonding an oligopeptide having the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein X is a hydrogen atom, C.sub.1-15 alkyl group, R.sub.3 CO-- group wherein R.sub.3 is a hydrogen atom or straight or branched chain C.sub.1-15 alkyl group or a protective group easily removable by acid hydrolysis, hydrogenolysis or enzyme existing in a living body;R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each independently is a side chain of an amino acid constituting the oligopeptide; andn is integer of 1 to 3,to any side chain at the 3-, 4- or 7-position of a 7-aminocephalosporanic acid derivative having antibacterial activity.

Abstract: Carboxylic amides can be produced simply and in good yield by reacting primary alcohols with at least one compound selected from ammonia, primary amines, and secondary amines, in the presence of a molecular oxygen-containing gas and a palladium or platinum catalyst under oxidative conditions.

Abstract: 2-Chloro-4-N-(.beta.-diethylaminoethyl)aminocarbonyl-5-methoxybenzamide of the formula, ##STR1## a process for their preparation and a process for preparing metoclopramide of the formula, ##STR2## using the above described 2-chloro-4-N-(.beta.-diethylaminoethyl)aminocarbonyl-5-methoxybenzamide.

Abstract: 2-Chloro-4-N-(.beta.-diethylaminoethyl)aminocarbonyl-5-methoxybenzhydroxami c acid of the formula, ##STR1## or its metal salt, a process for their preparation and a process for preparing metoclopramide of the formula, ##STR2## using the above described 2-chloro-4-N-(.beta.-diethylaminoethyl)aminocarbonyl-5-methoxybenzhydroxam ic acid or its metal salt.

Abstract: A process for producing glucono-delta-lactone from glucose by bringing glucose into contact with molecular oxygen in the presence of an organic solvent and a palladium or platinum catalyst. The process optionally includes an acid treatment.

Abstract: 2-Chloro-4-N-(.beta.-diethylaminoethyl)aminocarbonyl-5-methoxy-benzamide of the formula, ##STR1## a process for their preparation and a process for preparing metoclopramide of the formula, ##STR2## using the above described 2-chloro-4-N-(.beta.-diethylaminoethyl)aminocarbonyl-5-methoxybenzamide.

Abstract: A method for obtaining glutaric acid, succinic acid, and adipic acid from an acid mixture obtained as a by-product in the industry and comprising glutaric acid, succinic acid and adipic acid, which comprises the steps of: (1) contacting the acid mixture with urea of 1 to 2 moles per mole of the acid mixture, in solution, to deposit a urea-glutaric acid adduct so that the weight ratio of glutaric acid remaining in the solution to succinic acid is 1.2 or less when the adipic acid content is in the range of 0% by weight to 7% by weight and 1.

Abstract: Alkyl 4,4'-(ethylenedioxy)bis-benzoates having improved properties such as anti-oxidation and anti-coloration are prepared in high yield and selectivity by, at the first step, reacting an excess alkyl p-hydroxybenzoate with a recycling alkyl p-(2-chloro-ethoxy)benzoate with heating in the presence of an alkali carbonate and an inert organic solvent until almost said alkyl p-(2-chloroethoxy)benzoate is consumed to produce an alkyl 4,4'-(ethylenedioxy)bis-benzoate and at the second step adding ethylene dichloride to the reaction system and continuing the heating to produce an alkyl p-(2-chloroethoxy)benzoate which is recycled, and separating the alkyl 4,4'-(ethylenedioxy)bis-benzoate produced.