Abstract: This is a method for treatment of spent potlining from aluminium reduction cells including the refractory material in order to transfer the spent potlining to a form in which it can be used as a filler or as a raw material. The spent potlining is crushed and supplied to a closed electrothermic smelting furnace optionally together with a SiO.sub.2 source, wherein the spent potlining is melted at a temperature between 1300.degree. and 1750.degree. C. An oxidation agent is supplied to the furnace in order to oxidize carbon and other oxidizable components contained in the spent potlining such as metals, carbides and nitrides. Further, a source of calcium oxide is supplied to the smelting furnace in an amount necessary to react with all fluoride present to form CaF.sub.2 and to form a calcium aluminate or calcium aluminate silicate slag containing CaF.sub.