Abstract: A system for automated fare collection on a transit vehicle including a transit vehicle computer system, a wireless communications unit configured to send and receive ticketing transaction data from the transit vehicle computer system to a backend server, comprising one or more detector units, such as a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons, configured to detect the presence of one or more rider user media, such as a mobile device, to provide communications between the rider user medium and a detector unit or transit vehicle computer system. The rider user medium provides one or more of ticketing services and transit information services to the rider via communication with the backend server via the detector unit.

Abstract: A method is specified for operating a rotating electrical machine, in which the rotating electrical machine is connected in terms of phase to a converter circuit, having a DC voltage circuit, for connecting at least two voltage levels, and the phases of the converter circuit are connected to the DC voltage circuit in accordance with a selected switching state combination of switching states for power semiconductor switches in the converter circuit. In order for operation of the rotating electrical machine to be possible in an event, over a number L of sampling times various values are determined, and a switching state combination is set as the selected switching state combination with which a sum of determined values is at its smallest.

Abstract: A method is specified for operating a rotating electrical machine, in which the rotating electrical machine is connected in terms of phase to a converter circuit, having a DC voltage circuit, for connecting at least two voltage levels, and the phases of the converter circuit are connected to the DC voltage circuit in accordance with a selected switching state combination of switching states for power semiconductor switches in the converter circuit. In order for operation of the rotating electrical machine to be possible in an event, over a number L of sampling times various values are determined, and a switching state combination is set as the selected switching state combination with which a sum of determined values is at its smallest.