Abstract: According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a device for generating a unique response to a challenge, the device comprising: a plurality of structures, each structure exhibiting quantum mechanical confinement, and each structure being arranged to provide a unique response when challenged with an electrical measurement, the unique response being linked to the atomic makeup of the structure that defines the quantum mechanical confinement; the device being arranged to facilitate a challenge of at least two structures of the plurality in electrical combination to generate the unique response, by facilitating an electrical measurement of an output of the at least two structures of the plurality in electrical combination; the unique response being derivable from the electrical measurement.

Abstract: According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of determining a unique identifier for a security element, the method comprising: optically reading the security element via a configurable optical filter system, a readable optical transmission property of the filter system varying with respect to a configuration of the filter system; the reading comprising determining data indicative of an optical property of the security element at a first configuration of the filter system, and determining data indicative of an optical property of the security element at a second, different, configuration of the filter system; and the unique identifier being determined from a map of the variation in determined data indicative of an optical property with respect to the configuration of the filter system, wherein the reading is undertaken for multiple locations across the security element at the or each configuration of the filter system, such that the map is a map of the variation in determine

Abstract: A heat exchanger designed to be fixed to a turbomachine wall delimiting a gas flow stream, this exchanger including a body with a front face through which the gas flow passes; an attachment face to the wall; an external face opposite the attachment face and connected to the front face; two lateral faces connected to the front face; a cover surrounding the front face and extending along the prolongation of the external face and the lateral faces, to delimit an intake with an area smaller than the area of the front face, this intake being located upstream from the front face relative to the gas flow stream.

Abstract: According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of determining a unique identifier for a security element, the method comprising: optically reading the security element via a configurable optical filter system, a readable optical transmission property of the filter system varying with respect to a configuration of the filter system;the reading comprising determining data indicative of an optical property of the security element at a first configuration of the filter system, and determining data indicative of an optical property of the security element at a second, different, configuration of the filter system; and the unique identifier being determined from a map of the variation in determined data indicative of an optical property with respect to the configuration of the filter system,wherein the reading is undertaken for multiple locations across the security element at the or each configuration of the filter system, such that the map is a map of the variation in determined

Abstract: According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a device for generating a nondeterministic response to a challenge, the device comprising: a plurality of structures, each structure exhibiting quantum mechanical confinement, and each structure being arranged to provide a unique response when challenged with an electrical measurement, the unique response being linked to the atomic makeup of the structure that defines the quantum mechanical confinement; the device being arranged to facilitate a challenge of a structure of the plurality, by facilitating an electrical measurement of an output of the structure; the nondeterministic response being derivable from the electrical measurement.

Abstract: According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a device for generating a unique response to a challenge, the device comprising: a plurality of structures, each structure exhibiting quantum mechanical confinement, and each structure being arranged to provide a unique response when challenged with an electrical measurement, the unique response being linked to the atomic makeup of the structure that defines the quantum mechanical confinement; the device being arranged to facilitate a challenge of at least two structures of the plurality in electrical combination to generate the unique response, by facilitating an electrical measurement of an output of the at least two structures of the plurality in electrical combination; the unique response being derivable from the electrical measurement.

Abstract: A heat exchanger designed to be fixed to a turbomachine wall delimiting a gas flow stream, this exchanger including a body with a front face through which the gas flow passes; an attachment face to the wall; an external face opposite the attachment face and connected to the front face; two lateral faces connected to the front face; a cover surrounding the front face and extending along the prolongation of the external face and the lateral faces, to delimit an intake with an area smaller than the area of the front face, this intake being located upstream from the front face relative to the gas flow stream.

Abstract: A web design system for generating webpages containing text graphics in which the text graphics are generated dynamically using a text graphics generator to apply preconfigured style templates to text strings, wherein the style templates define a set of appearance attributes relevant to converting text strings into text graphics. The use of the text graphics generator is thus moved from a semi-manual process carried out by the web designer at the webpage design stage, to an automated process that is decoupled from the webpage design and deferred until the publishing stage. The system can be used either as a design tool by the web designer before delivering a static website, or for dynamic websites such as catalogue based sales websites with realtime stock control updates and frequent product line changes.