Abstract: An electric machine includes a stator having a plurality of stator teeth. Each stator tooth of the plurality of stator teeth includes a winding disposed there around. Each stator tooth of the plurality of stator teeth is shaped to receive a plurality of microchannels. The microchannels contain a circulating heat-transfer fluid; Each stator tooth of the plurality of stator teeth is thermally exposed to the heat-transfer fluid via the plurality of microchannels so as to effectuate heat removal from each stator tooth of the plurality of stator teeth.

Abstract: A mechanochemical reactor includes an outer shell. A first plate is slidably disposed within the tubular outer shell at a first end of the tubular outer shell and a second plate is slidably disposed within the tubular outer shell at a second end of the tubular outer shell, the second end being opposite the first end. A linearly-reciprocating mill is disposed within the tubular outer shell between the first plate and the second plate. A first electromagnet is operatively coupled to the first plate so as to establish a position and a holding force of the first plate within the tubular outer shell, and a second electromagnet is operatively coupled to the second plate so as to establish a position and a holding force of the second plate within the tubular outer shell.

Abstract: A mechanochemical reactor includes an outer shell. A first plate is slidably disposed within the tubular outer shell at a first end of the tubular outer shell and a second plate is slidably disposed within the tubular outer shell at a second end of the tubular outer shell, the second end being opposite the first end. A linearly-reciprocating mill is disposed within the tubular outer shell between the first plate and the second plate. A first electromagnet is operatively coupled to the first plate so as to establish a position and a holding force of the first plate within the tubular outer shell, and a second electromagnet is operatively coupled to the second plate so as to establish a position and a holding force of the second plate within the tubular outer shell.

Abstract: Described herein are devices and methods for sensing pulsed forces. Some of the described devices and methods are also useful for measuring infrared absorbances and compiling spectral and chemical maps of surfaces. Also described are microcantilever having reduced harmonic frequencies when operating in contact mode. Some of the described microcantilevers comprise an internal resonator configured to vibrate substantially independent of friction between the microcantilever tip and a surface when the microcantilever operates in contact mode. A number of the described devices and methods are useful for monitoring pulsed forces with enhanced sensitivity.

Abstract: Described herein are devices and methods for sensing pulsed forces. Some of the described devices and methods are also useful for measuring infrared absorbances and compiling spectral and chemical maps of surfaces. Also described are microcantilever having reduced harmonic frequencies when operating in contact mode. Some of the described microcantilevers comprise an internal resonator configured to vibrate substantially independent of friction between the microcantilever tip and a surface when the microcantilever operates in contact mode. A number of the described devices and methods are useful for monitoring pulsed forces with enhanced sensitivity.